Johannes Kepler University of Linz

About: Johannes Kepler University of Linz is a education organization based out in Linz, Oberösterreich, Austria. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Computer science & Thin film. The organization has 6605 authors who have published 19243 publications receiving 385667 citations.

A low-bandgap semiconducting polymer for photovoltaic devices and infrared emitting diodes

Abstract: A novel low-bandgap conjugated polymer (PTPTB, E-g = similar to1.6 eV), consisting of alternating electron-rich N-dodecyl-2,5-bis(2'-thienyl)pyrrole (TPT) and electron-deficient 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (B) units, is introduced for thin-film optoelectronic devices working in the near infrared (NIR). Bulk heterojunction photovoltaic cells from solid-state composite films of PTPTB with the soluble fullerene derivative [6,6]-phenyl C-61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) as an active layer shows promising power conversion efficiencies up to 1% under AM1.5 illumination. Furthermore, electroluminescent devices (light-emitting diodes) from thin films of pristine PTPTB show near infrared emission peaking at 800 nm with a turn on voltage below 4 V. The electroluminescence can be significantly enhanced by sensitization of this material with a wide bandgap material such as the poly(p-phenylene vinylene) derivative MDMO-PPV.

The Impact of Tax Morale and Institutional Quality on the Shadow Economy

Abstract: This paper analyses how tax morale and countries' institutional quality affect the shadow economy, controlling in a multivariate analysis for a variety of potential factors. The literature strongly emphasizes the quantitative importance of these factors to understand the size and development of the shadow economy. Relatively new data sources that have become available offer an exceptional opportunity to shed more light on a topic that is attracting increasing attention. We find strong support for the assertion that a higher tax morale and a higher institutional quality lead to a smaller shadow economy.

Many Labs 2: Investigating Variation in Replicability Across Samples and Settings

Abstract: We conducted preregistered replications of 28 classic and contemporary published findings, with protocols that were peer reviewed in advance, to examine variation in effect magnitudes across samples and settings. Each protocol was administered to approximately half of 125 samples that comprised 15,305 participants from 36 countries and territories. Using the conventional criterion of statistical significance (p < .05), we found that 15 (54%) of the replications provided evidence of a statistically significant effect in the same direction as the original finding. With a strict significance criterion (p < .0001), 14 (50%) of the replications still provided such evidence, a reflection of the extremely high-powered design. Seven (25%) of the replications yielded effect sizes larger than the original ones, and 21 (75%) yielded effect sizes smaller than the original ones. The median comparable Cohen’s ds were 0.60 for the original findings and 0.15 for the replications. The effect sizes were small (< 0.20) in 16 of the replications (57%), and 9 effects (32%) were in the direction opposite the direction of the original effect. Across settings, the Q statistic indicated significant heterogeneity in 11 (39%) of the replication effects, and most of those were among the findings with the largest overall effect sizes; only 1 effect that was near zero in the aggregate showed significant heterogeneity according to this measure. Only 1 effect had a tau value greater than .20, an indication of moderate heterogeneity. Eight others had tau values near or slightly above .10, an indication of slight heterogeneity. Moderation tests indicated that very little heterogeneity was attributable to the order in which the tasks were performed or whether the tasks were administered in lab versus online. Exploratory comparisons revealed little heterogeneity between Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) cultures and less WEIRD cultures (i.e., cultures with relatively high and low WEIRDness scores, respectively). Cumulatively, variability in the observed effect sizes was attributable more to the effect being studied than to the sample or setting in which it was studied.

Who Trusts? Personality, Trust and Knowledge Sharing:

Abstract: The strategic importance of knowledge sharing and its relationships with organizational and managerial (i.e. environmental) factors have been well documented. The effects of some context-specific individual factors—including interpersonal trust—on knowledge sharing have also been investigated. The effects of enduring and pervasive individual factors (i.e, personality) on knowledge sharing have not been adequately described empirically. This article links personality, specifically agreeableness, a broad personality domain and propensity to trust, a narrow personality facet, to knowledge sharing via interpersonal trust, thereby clarifying substantial person-related effects within these important workplace phenomena.

Towards an optimal CNF encoding of Boolean cardinality constraints

Abstract: We consider the problem of encoding Boolean cardinality constraints in conjunctive normal form (CNF). Boolean cardinality constraints are formulae expressing that at most (resp. at least) k out of n propositional variables are true. We give two novel encodings that improve upon existing results, one which requires only 7n clauses and 2n auxiliary variables, and another one demanding O(n·k) clauses, but with the advantage that inconsistencies can be detected in linear time by unit propagation alone. Moreover, we prove a linear lower bound on the number of required clauses for any such encoding.