Institution
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Education•Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States•
About: Massachusetts Institute of Technology is a education organization based out in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Laser. The organization has 116795 authors who have published 268000 publications receiving 18272025 citations. The organization is also known as: MIT & M.I.T..
Topics: Population, Laser, Context (language use), Computer science, Gene
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: The Photobook system is described, which is a set of interactive tools for browsing and searching images and image sequences that make direct use of the image content rather than relying on text annotations to provide a sophisticated browsing and search capability.
Abstract: We describe the Photobook system, which is a set of interactive tools for browsing and searching images and image sequences. These query tools differ from those used in standard image databases in that they make direct use of the image content rather than relying on text annotations. Direct search on image content is made possible by use of semantics-preserving image compression, which reduces images to a small set of perceptually-significant coefficients. We discuss three types of Photobook descriptions in detail: one that allows search based on appearance, one that uses 2-D shape, and a third that allows search based on textural properties. These image content descriptions can be combined with each other and with text-based descriptions to provide a sophisticated browsing and search capability. In this paper we demonstrate Photobook on databases containing images of people, video keyframes, hand tools, fish, texture swatches, and 3-D medical data.
1,748 citations
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TL;DR: This work proposes a robust integer programming problem of moderately larger size that allows controlling the degree of conservatism of the solution in terms of probabilistic bounds on constraint violation, and proposes an algorithm for robust network flows that solves the robust counterpart by solving a polynomial number of nominal minimum cost flow problems in a modified network.
Abstract: We propose an approach to address data uncertainty for discrete optimization and network flow problems that allows controlling the degree of conservatism of the solution, and is computationally tractable both practically and theoretically. In particular, when both the cost coefficients and the data in the constraints of an integer programming problem are subject to uncertainty, we propose a robust integer programming problem of moderately larger size that allows controlling the degree of conservatism of the solution in terms of probabilistic bounds on constraint violation. When only the cost coefficients are subject to uncertainty and the problem is a 0−1 discrete optimization problem on n variables, then we solve the robust counterpart by solving at most n+1 instances of the original problem. Thus, the robust counterpart of a polynomially solvable 0−1 discrete optimization problem remains polynomially solvable. In particular, robust matching, spanning tree, shortest path, matroid intersection, etc. are polynomially solvable. We also show that the robust counterpart of an NP-hard α-approximable 0−1 discrete optimization problem, remains α-approximable. Finally, we propose an algorithm for robust network flows that solves the robust counterpart by solving a polynomial number of nominal minimum cost flow problems in a modified network.
1,747 citations
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TL;DR: Masses of single-walled carbon nanotubes, synthesized by a semicontinuous hydrogen arc discharge method, were employed for hydrogen adsorption experiments in their as-prepared and pretreated states and show promise as an effective hydrogen storage material.
Abstract: Masses of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with a large mean diameter of about 1.85 nanometers, synthesized by a semicontinuous hydrogen arc discharge method, were employed for hydrogen adsorption experiments in their as-prepared and pretreated states. A hydrogen storage capacity of 4.2 weight percent, or a hydrogen to carbon atom ratio of 0.52, was achieved reproducibly at room temperature under a modestly high pressure (about 10 megapascal) for a SWNT sample of about 500 milligram weight that was soaked in hydrochloric acid and then heat-treated in vacuum. Moreover, 78.3 percent of the adsorbed hydrogen (3.3 weight percent) could be released under ambient pressure at room temperature, while the release of the residual stored hydrogen (0.9 weight percent) required some heating of the sample. Because the SWNTs can be easily produced and show reproducible and modestly high hydrogen uptake at room temperature, they show promise as an effective hydrogen storage material.
1,745 citations
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TL;DR: The ability of an miRNA to translationally repress a target mRNA is largely dictated by the free energy of binding of the first eight nucleotides in the 5' region of the miRNA, however, G:U wobble base-pairing in this region interferes with activity beyond that predicted on the basis of thermodynamic stability.
Abstract: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of noncoding RNAs found in organisms as evolutionarily distant as plants and mammals, yet most of the mRNAs they regulate are unknown. Here we show that the ability of an miRNA to translationally repress a target mRNA is largely dictated by the free energy of binding of the first eight nucleotides in the 5' region of the miRNA. However, G:U wobble base-pairing in this region interferes with activity beyond that predicted on the basis of thermodynamic stability. Furthermore, an mRNA can be simultaneously repressed by more than one miRNA species. The level of repression achieved is dependent on both the amount of mRNA and the amount of available miRNA complexes. Thus, predicted miRNA:mRNA interactions must be viewed in the context of other potential interactions and cellular conditions.
1,744 citations
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TL;DR: This Candida cph1/cph1 efg1/efg1 double mutant, locked in the yeast form, is avirulent in a mouse model.
1,743 citations
Authors
Showing all 117442 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Eric S. Lander | 301 | 826 | 525976 |
Robert Langer | 281 | 2324 | 326306 |
George M. Whitesides | 240 | 1739 | 269833 |
Trevor W. Robbins | 231 | 1137 | 164437 |
George Davey Smith | 224 | 2540 | 248373 |
Yi Cui | 220 | 1015 | 199725 |
Robert J. Lefkowitz | 214 | 860 | 147995 |
David J. Hunter | 213 | 1836 | 207050 |
Daniel Levy | 212 | 933 | 194778 |
Rudolf Jaenisch | 206 | 606 | 178436 |
Mark J. Daly | 204 | 763 | 304452 |
David Miller | 203 | 2573 | 204840 |
David Baltimore | 203 | 876 | 162955 |
Rakesh K. Jain | 200 | 1467 | 177727 |
Ronald M. Evans | 199 | 708 | 166722 |