Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services

About: Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services is a education organization based out in Tehran, Iran. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Medicine. The organization has 19456 authors who have published 33659 publications receiving 365676 citations.

School-based intervention to promote preadolescents' gingival health: a community trial.

Abstract: Objectives: Evaluation of the effectiveness of a school-based oral health promotion intervention on preadolescents' gingival health. Methods: A community trial designed for a 3-month intervention study in a representative sample of 9-year-olds (n = 457) in 16 schools in Tehran, Iran. The schools were randomly assigned to three intervention groups and one control group, each group comprising two boys' and two girls' schools. The first group of children (n = 115) received intervention via class work, solving a set of puzzles containing oral health messages, under supervision of their health counsellor. The second group (n = 114), intervention via parents, included an oral health education leaflet and a brushing diary for supervising the child's tooth-brushing; the third group (n = 111) received a combination of both these interventions. The control group (n = 117) had no intervention. Effects of the intervention were assessed as changes in dental plaque and gingival bleeding. Improvements in gingival health were recorded when half of the index teeth with plaque at baseline became clean (acceptable oral hygiene) or when all index teeth with bleeding at baseline became healthy (healthy gingiva). Statistical analysis included chi square, anova, t-test, Number Needed to Treat (NNT) and generalized estimating equations (GEE). Results: At baseline, none of the children were free of plaque and all except for three boys had bleeding. After the trial, acceptable oral hygiene was more frequent in the parental-aid (P < 0.001) and the combined groups (P < 0.05), and healthy gingiva in both groups (P < 0.001) in comparison with the control group. Outcomes in the class- work group did not differ from those in the control group. The GEE models confirmed a strong intervention effect on healthy gingiva in both groups where parents were involved: parental-aid group (OR = 7.7, 95% CI: 2.2-27.7) and combined group (OR = 6.6, 95% CI: 2.0-22.1). In all intervention groups more girls than boys achieved healthy gingiva (OR = 2.5-2.6). Parents' education showed no impact on the outcome. Conclusions: When a school-based oral health intervention involves parents it may result in a significant improvement in the gingival health of preadolescents with poor gingival health at baseline.

Transmission of Rabies by Corneal Graft

Abstract: Viruses such as human immunodeficiency virus, herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and rabies can be transmitted to the recipient by corneal transplantation. Very few cases of rabies have been reported. Here we report two cases of rabies transmitted by the same donor. Both of the recipients died of rabies.

Signaling pathways linking inflammation to insulin resistance.

Abstract: Inflammation is closely linked to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and chronic inflammation is one of the main causes of insulin resistance. Insulin pathway is very important for the regulation of glucose, lipid, and energy homeostasis, growth and mitogenic. Proinflammatory mediators can be related to obesity and induce insulin- resistance in adipose tissue. Signaling pathways of transcription factors, particularly NF-κB signaling, are involved in insulin-sensitivity. In addition, the crosstalk between M1-M2 macrophage polarizing plays an essential role in insulin resistance by switching from an M1 to an M2 phenotype and also activation of transcription factors such as NF-κB and AP1. Here, we focus on the roles of transcription factors in inflammation-induced insulin resistance and their involvement in pathogenesis of insulin resistance.

Sealing Ability of Three Commercial Mineral Trioxide Aggregates and an Experimental Root-End Filling Material

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to compare the sealability of three different commercial types of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and calcium enrichment mixture (CEM) cement as an experimental root-end filling material. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-six single rooted teeth were cleaned, shaped, and obturated. The apical 3 mm of each root was resected and root-end cavities with 3 mm depth were prepared. The samples were randomly divided into 4 experimental groups comprised of 10 roots each. The cavities were filled with CEM cement and MTAs. Six roots were used as positive and negative controls. Samples were prepared and then immersed in 1% methylene blue dye for 3 days. Roots were split longitudinally and examined under stereomicroscope. RESULTS: Positive and negative controls responded as expected. CEM cement showed the least mean dye penetration value. ANOVA revealed no statistically significant differences among experimental groups. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the experimental CEM cement exhibited similar sealing property as commercial types of MTA.

Enhanced Cardiac Differentiation of Human Cardiovascular Disease Patient-Specific Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells by Applying Unidirectional Electrical Pulses Using Aligned Electroactive Nanofibrous Scaffolds

Abstract: In the embryonic heart, electrical impulses propagate in a unidirectional manner from the sinus venosus and appear to be involved in cardiogenesis. In this work, aligned and random polyaniline/polyetersulfone (PANI/PES) nanofibrous scaffolds doped by Camphor-10-sulfonic acid (β) (CPSA) were fabricated via electrospinning and used to conduct electrical impulses in a unidirectional and multidirectional fashion, respectively. A bioreactor was subsequently engineered to apply electrical impulses to cells cultured on PANI/PES scaffolds. We established cardiovascular disease-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (CVD-iPSCs) from the fibroblasts of patients undergoing cardiothoracic surgeries. The CVD-iPSCs were seeded onto the scaffolds, cultured in cardiomyocyte-inducing factors, and exposed to electrical impulses for 1 h/day, over a 15-day time period in the bioreactor. The application of the unidirectional electrical stimulation to the cells significantly increased the number of cardiac Troponin T (cTnT+) ...