University of Hartford

About: University of Hartford is a education organization based out in West Hartford, Connecticut, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 1244 authors who have published 2481 publications receiving 48973 citations. The organization is also known as: UHart.

A resource-based view of new firm survival: new perspectives on the role of industry and exit route

Abstract: This article explores factors affecting the survival and exit routes of new firms created in 2004 using data from the Kauffman Firm Survey. We draw upon the Resource-Based View to test several hypotheses regarding the impact of both tangible and intangible resources on new firm survival in both service and non-service firms. We also distinguish between two types of exit: closures (permanently stopped operations) and mergers or acquisitions. Our results reveal that, although service and non-service firms may differ in terms of industry structure, the fundamental resources that contribute to their survival are the same: education, work and life experience and adequate levels of startup financial capital. In spite of these similarities, our results did reveal industry differences in terms of exit. We found serial entrepreneurs in the service sector were more likely to exit through merger or acquisition. Conversely, intellectual property decreased the likelihood of exit through merger or acquisition for non-service firms. Thus, our findings revealed a link between human capital, industry and exit route for this sample of new firms.

Synthetic Jets in Cross-flow

Abstract: Results of an experimental investigation on synthetic jets from round orifices with and without cross-flow are presented. Jet Reynolds number up to 46,000 with a fully turbulent approach boundary layer, and Stokes number up to 400. are covered. The threshold of stroke length for synthetic jet formation. in the absence of the cross-flow, is found to be Lo /D approximately 0.5. Above Lo /D is approximately 10, the profiles of normalized centerline mean velocity appear to become invariant. It is reasoned that the latter threshold may be related to the phenomenon of saturation of impulsively generated vortices. In the presence of the cross-flow, the penetration height of a synthetic jet is found to depend on the momentum- flux ratio . When this ratio is defined in terms of the maximum jet velocity and the cross-flow velocity. not only all data collapse but also the jet trajectory is predicted well by correlation equation available for steady jets-in-cross-flow. Distributions of mean velocity, streamwise vorticity as well as turbulence intensity for a synthetic jet in cross-flow are found to be similar to those of a steady jet-in-cross-flow. A pair of counter-rotating streamwise vortices, corresponding to the bound vortex pair of the steady case, is clearly observed. Mean velocity distribution exhibits a dome of low momentum fluid pulled up from the boundary layer, and the entire domain is characterized by high turbulence.

Long-range interactions of kinks

Abstract: We present a computational analysis of the long-range interactions of solitary waves in higher-order field theories. Our vehicle of choice is the ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}^{8}$ field theory, although we explore similar issues in example ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}^{10}$ and ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}^{12}$ models. In particular, we discuss the fundamental differences between the latter higher-order models and the standard ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}^{4}$ model. Upon establishing the power-law asymptotics of the model's solutions' approach towards one of the steady states, we make the case that such asymptotics require particular care in setting up multisoliton initial conditions. A naive implementation of additive or multiplicative ans\"atze gives rise to highly pronounced radiation effects and eventually leads to the illusion of a repulsive interaction between a kink and an antikink in such higher-order field theories. We propose and compare several methods for how to ``distill'' the initial data into suitable ans\"atze, and we show how these approaches capture the attractive nature of interactions between the topological solitons in the presence of power-law tails (long-range interactions). This development paves the way for a systematic examination of solitary wave interactions in higher-order field theories and raises some intriguing questions regarding potential experimental observations of such interactions. As an Appendix, we present an analysis of kink-antikink interactions in the example models via the method of collective coordinates.

Market Power, Economic Profitability and Productivity Growth Measurement: an Integrated Structural Approach

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to treat scale economies, profit-maximizing markups, economic profitability, capacity utilization and productivity growth within an integrated structural model, and to assess their interactions empirically using annual two-digit U.S. manufacturing data. Attention is focused on error biases in measuring productivity using traditional accounting procedures. An important conjecture by Robert Hall, that the coexistence of normal economic profits and positive markups of price over marginal cost imply the existence of substantial scale economies and excess capacity, is then examined using this structure. The empirical results suggest that markups in most U.S. manufacturing firms have increased over time, and tend to the countercyclical. However, procyclical capacity utilization and scale economies tend to offset the short run profit potential from markup behavior. As a result, on average economic profits are normal, but declining profitability is prevalent in most industries since the early 1970s. Also, although cost and revenue shares tend to be approximately equal, the error biases in standard productivity growth measures resulting from input fixity and scale economies are substantial, particularly over business cycles.