Institution
University of Leeds
Education•Leeds, United Kingdom•
About: University of Leeds is a education organization based out in Leeds, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 43481 authors who have published 101856 publications receiving 3672065 citations. The organization is also known as: Leeds University.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine board effectiveness through an examination of the work and relationships of non-executive directors and suggest that traditional theoretical divisions between agency and stewardship theory, and control versus collaboration models of the board do not adequately reflect the lived experience of nonexecutive board members and other directors on the board.
Abstract: This paper examines board effectiveness through an examination of the work and relationships of non-executive directors. It is based on 40 in-depth interviews with company directors, commissioned for the Higgs Review. The paper observes that research on corporate governance lacks understanding of the behavioural processes and effects of boards of directors. Whilst board structure, composition and independence condition board effectiveness it is the actual conduct of the non-executive vis-a-vis the executive that determines board effectiveness. Data about behaviour and relationships on boards suggest that traditional theoretical divisions between agency and stewardship theory, and control versus collaboration models of the board do not adequately reflect the lived experience of non-executive directors and other directors on the board. Developing accountability as a central concept in the explanation of how boards operate effectively enables the paper to both challenge the dominant grip of agency theory on governance research and support the search for theoretical pluralism and greater understanding of board processes and dynamics. Practically, the work suggests that corporate governance reform will be undermined by prescription that supports distant perceptions of board effectiveness but not the actual effectiveness of boards.
707 citations
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TL;DR: An update on the current knowledge of the oral microbiome in health and disease is given and implications for modern-day oral healthcare are discussed.
Abstract: For millions of years, our resident microbes have coevolved and coexisted with us in a mostly harmonious symbiotic relationship. We are not distinct entities from our microbiome, but together we form a 'superorganism' or holobiont, with the microbiome playing a significant role in our physiology and health. The mouth houses the second most diverse microbial community in the body, harbouring over 700 species of bacteria that colonise the hard surfaces of teeth and the soft tissues of the oral mucosa. Through recent advances in technology, we have started to unravel the complexities of the oral microbiome and gained new insights into its role during both health and disease. Perturbations of the oral microbiome through modern-day lifestyles can have detrimental consequences for our general and oral health. In dysbiosis, the finely-tuned equilibrium of the oral ecosystem is disrupted, allowing disease-promoting bacteria to manifest and cause conditions such as caries, gingivitis and periodontitis. For practitioners and patients alike, promoting a balanced microbiome is therefore important to effectively maintain or restore oral health. This article aims to give an update on our current knowledge of the oral microbiome in health and disease and to discuss implications for modern-day oral healthcare.
706 citations
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TL;DR: It is shown that deep residual learning can predict MSI directly from H&E histology, which is ubiquitously available and has the potential to provide immunotherapy to a much broader subset of patients with gastrointestinal cancer.
Abstract: Microsatellite instability determines whether patients with gastrointestinal cancer respond exceptionally well to immunotherapy. However, in clinical practice, not every patient is tested for MSI, because this requires additional genetic or immunohistochemical tests. Here we show that deep residual learning can predict MSI directly from H&E histology, which is ubiquitously available. This approach has the potential to provide immunotherapy to a much broader subset of patients with gastrointestinal cancer.
705 citations
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TL;DR: A simple model for the reaction-driven propulsion of a small device is proposed as a model for (part of) a molecular machine in aqueous media that is driven by an asymmetric distribution of reaction products.
Abstract: A simple model for the reaction-driven propulsion of a small device is proposed as a model for (part of) a molecular machine in aqueous media. The motion of the device is driven by an asymmetric distribution of reaction products. The propulsive velocity of the device is calculated as well as the scale of the velocity fluctuations. The effects of hydrodynamic flow as well as a number of different scenarios for the kinetics of the reaction are addressed.
704 citations
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University of Leicester1, King's College London2, Leiden University3, Imperial College London4, VU University Amsterdam5, University of Tartu6, University of Helsinki7, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute8, University of Groningen9, Karolinska Institutet10, University College London11, University of Cambridge12, Erasmus University Rotterdam13, University of Leeds14, University of Georgia15, University of Oulu16, University of Oxford17, University of Washington18, National Institute for Health and Welfare19, National Institutes of Health20, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics21, National Institute for Health Research22, Georgia Regents University23, Prevention Institute24, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich25, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill26, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center27, University of Milan28, University of Pennsylvania29, Harvard University30, Broad Institute31, Glenfield Hospital32
TL;DR: In this paper, a genome-wide meta-analysis of 37,684 individuals with replication of selected variants in an additional 10,739 individuals was carried out to identify seven loci, including five new loci associated with mean leukocyte telomere length (LTL) (P < 5 × 10−8).
Abstract: Interindividual variation in mean leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is associated with cancer and several age-associated diseases. We report here a genome-wide meta-analysis of 37,684 individuals with replication of selected variants in an additional 10,739 individuals. We identified seven loci, including five new loci, associated with mean LTL (P < 5 × 10(-8)). Five of the loci contain candidate genes (TERC, TERT, NAF1, OBFC1 and RTEL1) that are known to be involved in telomere biology. Lead SNPs at two loci (TERC and TERT) associate with several cancers and other diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Moreover, a genetic risk score analysis combining lead variants at all 7 loci in 22,233 coronary artery disease cases and 64,762 controls showed an association of the alleles associated with shorter LTL with increased risk of coronary artery disease (21% (95% confidence interval, 5-35%) per standard deviation in LTL, P = 0.014). Our findings support a causal role of telomere-length variation in some age-related diseases.
703 citations
Authors
Showing all 44104 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Walter C. Willett | 334 | 2399 | 413322 |
David J. Hunter | 213 | 1836 | 207050 |
Edward Giovannucci | 206 | 1671 | 179875 |
Richard Peto | 183 | 683 | 231434 |
Paul G. Richardson | 183 | 1533 | 155912 |
Chris Sander | 178 | 713 | 233287 |
Kenneth C. Anderson | 178 | 1138 | 126072 |
David R. Williams | 178 | 2034 | 138789 |
Andrew Zisserman | 167 | 808 | 261717 |
Michael John Owen | 160 | 1110 | 135795 |
Jens J. Holst | 160 | 1536 | 107858 |
Paul Emery | 158 | 1314 | 121293 |
David Cameron | 154 | 1586 | 126067 |
J. Fraser Stoddart | 147 | 1239 | 96083 |
Debbie A Lawlor | 147 | 1114 | 101123 |