University of Louisville

About: University of Louisville is a education organization based out in Louisville, Kentucky, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 24600 authors who have published 49248 publications receiving 1573346 citations. The organization is also known as: UofL.

Corticobasal degeneration and its relationship to progressive supranuclear palsy and frontotemporal dementia.

Abstract: In 1967, J. J. Rebeiz, E. H. Kolodny, and E. P. Richardson described three patients with a progressive asymmetrical akinetic-rigid syndrome and apraxia and labeled these cases corticodentatonigral degeneration with neuronal achromasia. They recognized the resemblance of the pathology to Pick’s disease, particularly the neuronal achromasia, also called Pick cells. Although there were few additional reports for the next 20 years, interest in this disorder has increased significantly since the early 1990s, when it was renamed corticobasal degeneration (CBD). The core clinical features that have been considered characteristic of the disorder include progressive asymmetrical rigidity and apraxia, with other findings suggesting additional cortical (eg, alien limb phenomena, cortical sensory loss, myoclonus) and basal ganglionic (eg, bradykinesia, dystonia, tremor) dysfunction. Recently the relationships of CBD to progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) have been recognized, which include clinical, pathological, biochemical, and genetic features. The terminology relating to CBD is confusing not only because several terms have been applied to the disorder, such as corticonigral degeneration, corticobasal ganglionic degeneration, as well as CBD, but also because the constellation of clinical features may be seen with pathology other than CBD. Others have suggested syndromic terms such as corticobasal syndrome, corticobasal degeneration syndrome, and progressive asymmetrical rigidity and apraxia syndrome. There are reasonable arguments for and against each of the syndromic terms, and although consensus on the terminology has not been established, some now use the term corticobasal syndrome. In this review, we use the term corticobasal syndrome (CBS) to characterize the constellation of clinical features initially considered the defining characteristics of corticobasal degeneration and reserve use of the term corticobasal degeneration (CBD) for the histopathological disorder.

Plasma Catalysis: Synergistic Effects at the Nanoscale

Abstract: Thermal-catalytic gas processing is integral to many current industrial processes. Ever-increasing demands on conversion and energy efficiencies are a strong driving force for the development of alternative approaches. Similarly, synthesis of several functional materials (such as nanowires and nanotubes) demands special processing conditions. Plasma catalysis provides such an alternative, where the catalytic process is complemented by the use of plasmas that activate the source gas. This combination is often observed to result in a synergy between plasma and catalyst. This Review introduces the current state-of-the-art in plasma catalysis, including numerous examples where plasma catalysis has demonstrated its benefits or shows future potential, including CO2 conversion, hydrocarbon reforming, synthesis of nanomaterials, ammonia production, and abatement of toxic waste gases. The underlying mechanisms governing these applications, as resulting from the interaction between the plasma and the catalyst, rend...

Representation of the molecular electrostatic potential by a net atomic charge model

Abstract: Electrostatic potentials and Mulliken net atomic charges were calculated from STO-3G, 6-31G, and 6-31G** SCF-MO wavefunctions for hydrogen fluoride, water, ammonia, methane, acetylene, ethylene, carbon dioxide, formaldehyde, methanol, formamide, formic acid, acetonitrile, diborane, and carbonate ion. In each case optimized net atomic charges (potential-derived charges) were also obtained by fitting the electrostatic potentials calculated directly from the wavefunctions in a shell enveloping the molecules outside of their van der Waals surfaces. The electrostatic potentials calculated from the potential-derived charge distributions were then compared with the defined quantum mechanical electrostatic potentials and with the electrostatic potentials of the Mulliken charge distributions.

Amoebae as Training Grounds for Intracellular Bacterial Pathogens

Abstract: Free-living amoebae are important predators that control microbial communities. They are ubiquitous and have been isolated from various natural sources such as soil, freshwater, salt water, dust, and air. Although their abundance in soil is only limited, they have been implicated in the stimulation

Bactericidal activity of human lactoferrin: sensitivity of a variety of microorganisms.

Abstract: Lactoferrin is an iron-binding protein that has been detected in secretions that bathe human mucosal tissues. Previous studies have shown that, when this protein is in the iron-free state, it is capable of a direct bactericidal effect on Streptococcus mutans and Vibrio cholerae. The present study demonstrates variable susceptibilities for a variety of different microorganisms. The list of susceptible organisms includes gram-positive and gram-negative microbes, rods and cocci, facultative anaerobes, and aerotolerant anaerobes. Similar morphological and physiological types are represented among the lalctoferrin-resistant bacteria. S. mutans was more resistant to lactoferrin when grown on a sucrose-contaning medium than when it was grown on brain heart infusion broth without added scurose. When a lactoferrin-sensitive, avirulent strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae was passed through mice, the resultant virulent culture became lactoferrin resistant. Since organisms of the same species and even of the same strain (S. pneumoniae) can differ in susceptibility to lactoferrin, it appears that accessibility to the lactoferrin target site may account for differences in susceptibility. It appears that there may be a relation between virulence and resistance to lactoferrin.