University of Louisville

About: University of Louisville is a education organization based out in Louisville, Kentucky, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 24600 authors who have published 49248 publications receiving 1573346 citations. The organization is also known as: UofL.

The leukocyte integrin antagonist Del-1 inhibits IL-17-mediated inflammatory bone loss

Abstract: Aging is linked to greater susceptibility to chronic inflammatory diseases, several of which, including periodontitis, involve neutrophil-mediated tissue injury. Here we found that aging-associated periodontitis was accompanied by lower expression of Del-1, an endogenous inhibitor of neutrophil adhesion dependent on the integrin LFA-1, and by reciprocal higher expression of interleukin 17 (IL-17). Consistent with that, IL-17 inhibited gingival endothelial cell expression of Del-1, thereby promoting LFA-1dependent recruitment of neutrophils. Young Del-1-deficient mice developed spontaneous periodontitis that featured excessive neutrophil infiltration and IL-17 expression; disease was prevented in mice doubly deficient in Del-1 and LFA-1 or in Del-1 and the IL-17 receptor. Locally administered Del-1 inhibited IL-17 production, neutrophil accumulation and bone loss. Therefore, Del-1 suppressed LFA-1-dependent recruitment of neutrophils and IL-17-triggered inflammatory pathology and may thus be a promising therapeutic agent for inflammatory diseases.

Reduced SnO2 Porous Nanowires with a High Density of Grain Boundaries as Catalysts for Efficient Electrochemical CO2 -into-HCOOH Conversion.

Abstract: Electrochemical conversion of CO2 into energy-dense liquids, such as formic acid, is desirable as a hydrogen carrier and a chemical feedstock. SnOx is one of the few catalysts that reduce CO2 into formic acid with high selectivity but at high overpotential and low current density. We show that an electrochemically reduced SnO2 porous nanowire catalyst (Sn-pNWs) with a high density of grain boundaries (GBs) exhibits an energy conversion efficiency of CO2-into-HCOOH higher than analogous catalysts. HCOOH formation begins at lower overpotential (350 mV) and reaches a steady Faradaic efficiency of ca. 80 % at only −0.8 V vs. RHE. A comparison with commercial SnO2 nanoparticles confirms that the improved CO2 reduction performance of Sn-pNWs is due to the density of GBs within the porous structure, which introduce new catalytically active sites. Produced with a scalable plasma synthesis technology, the catalysts have potential for application in the CO2 conversion industry.

Predictors of health behaviours in college students.

Abstract: Journal of Advanced Nursing 48(5), 463–474Predictors of health behaviours in college studentsAim. This paper reports a study examining the direct effects of perceived stress,perceived availability of and satisfaction with social support, and self-efficacy, andexamines the intermediary roles of perceived threat (perceived susceptibility ·perceived severity), benefits, and barriers on alcohol behaviour, smoking behaviour,physical activity and nutrition behaviour, general safety behaviour and sun-pro-tective behaviour in college students.Background. Health behaviours formed during young adulthood may have a sus-taining impact on health across later life. Entering college can be an exciting, yetstressful event for many adolescents and young adults as they face trying to adapt tochanges in academic workloads, support networks, and their new environment.Coupled with these changes and new-found responsibilities, they have greaterfreedom and control over their lifestyles than ever before. However, researchershave shown globally that many college students engage in various risky healthbehaviours.Method. A cross-sectional sample of 161 college students enrolled in an introduc-tory psychology course completed self-report questionnaires regarding stress; socialsupport; self-efficacy; and components of the Health Belief Model including per-ceived threat, perceived benefits, perceived barriers; and common health behaviours.Step-wise multiple regression analysis was conducted and significant predictors wereretained as modifiers in the path analysis.Findings. Self-efficacy significantly predicted alcohol and smoking behaviour,physical activity and nutrition protective behaviour, general safety protectivebehaviour and sun-protective behaviour. Under high-perceived threat, self-efficacywas mediated by perceived barriers for binge drinking and moderated by perceivedbarriers for physical activity and nutrition behaviours. In addition, under

Cardiovascular morbidity in obstructive sleep apnea: oxidative stress, inflammation, and much more.

Abstract: Sleep-disordered breathing and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are highly prevalent disorders throughout the lifespan, which may affect up to 2–10% of the population, and have now been firmly associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular and neurobehavioral complications. Nevertheless, the overall pathophysiologic mechanisms mediating end-organ injury in OSA remain undefined, particularly due to the very frequent coexistence of other disease states, such as obesity, that clearly complicate the potential cause–effect relationships. Two major, and to some extent overlapping, mechanisms have been proposed to explain the morbid consequences of OSA, namely increased generation and propagation of reactive oxygen species and initiation and amplification of inflammatory processes. The evidence supporting the validity of these concepts as well as that detracting from such mechanisms will be critically reviewed in the context of clinical and laboratory-based approaches. In addition, some of the contradictory i...