University of Palermo

About: University of Palermo is a education organization based out in Palermo, Italy. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Medicine. The organization has 15621 authors who have published 40250 publications receiving 964384 citations. The organization is also known as: Università degli Studi di Palermo & Universita degli Studi di Palermo.

Zymographic detection and clinical correlations of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in breast cancer sera.

Abstract: Matrix metalloproteinases, in particular the gelatinases MMP-2 and MMP-9, have received great attention in recent years as putative tumour markers for clinical applications. The main reason for the observed interest is their easy detection in body fluids. Moreover, recent evidence has shown multiple functions of MMPs, rather than simply degrading ECM, which include the mobilisation of growth factors and processing of surface molecules. Several authors have reported increased levels of MMPs in a number of cancers, but clinical correlations in breast cancer are still fragmentary. Thus, the aim of the present research was to investigate the activity levels of circulating gelatinases in the sera of breast cancer patients by means of zymographic analysis, and correlate data with clinicopathological parameters. In all, 80 patients and 22 healthy volunteers were involved in this study. Sera were obtained prior to surgery. The clinical variables were: grading of tumours, tumour size, lymph node involvement, tumour staging, oestrogen and progesterone receptor levels (76 out of 80 cases), and c-erbB-2 levels (46 cases). The densitometric measures of MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity levels indicated that the average values of both gelatinase activities were significantly higher in breast cancers than in control sera (P<0.0001). In addition, our analysis showed for the first time that elevated activity levels of both gelatinases correlated only with c-erbB-2 overexpression (P=0.0273 for MMP-2 and P=0.0075 for MMP-9). An inverse correlation was observed with regard to oestrogen receptor expression (P=0.0075 for MMP-2 and P=0.0273 for MMP-9). Moreover, a borderline inverse correlation was observed between the activity levels of both enzymes and nuclear grade (P=0.0511 for MMP-2 and P=0.0794 for MMP-9). In conclusion, the present data suggest that serum measures of MMP's activity may have diagnostic value for discriminating subgroups of breast cancer patients and support the hypothesis that ERBB2 amplification and/or overexpression enhance signalling pathways that may lead to increased production of gelatinases in c-erbB-2 positive breast cancers with higher metastatic potentialities.

C1q acts in the tumour microenvironment as a cancer-promoting factor independently of complement activation

Abstract: Complement C1q is the activator of the classical pathway. However, it is now recognized that C1q can exert functions unrelated to complement activation. Here we show that C1q, but not C4, is expressed in the stroma and vascular endothelium of several human malignant tumours. Compared with wild-type (WT) or C3- or C5-deficient mice, C1q-deficient (C1qa(-/-)) mice bearing a syngeneic B16 melanoma exhibit a slower tumour growth and prolonged survival. This effect is not attributable to differences in the tumour-infiltrating immune cells. Tumours developing in WT mice display early deposition of C1q, higher vascular density and an increase in the number of lung metastases compared with C1qa(-/-) mice. Bone marrow (BM) chimeras between C1qa(-/-) and WT mice identify non-BM-derived cells as the main local source of C1q that can promote cancer cell adhesion, migration and proliferation. Together these findings support a role for locally synthesized C1q in promoting tumour growth.

A Technical Approach to the Energy Blockchain in Microgrids

Abstract: The present paper considers some technical issues related to the “energy blockchain” paradigm applied to microgrids. In particular, what appears from the study is that the superposition of energy transactions in a microgrid creates a variation of the power losses in all the branches of the microgrid. Traditional power losses allocation in distribution systems takes into account only generators while, in this paper, a real-time attribution of power losses to each transaction involving one generator and one load node is done by defining some suitable indices. Besides, the presence of P–V nodes increases the level of reactive flows and provides a more complex technical perspective. For this reason, reactive power generation for voltage support at P–V nodes poses a further problem of reactive power flow exchange, which is worth of investigation in future works in order to define a possible way of remuneration. The experimental section of the paper considers a medium voltage microgrid and two different operational scenarios.