Institution
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
Healthcare•Dallas, Texas, United States•
About: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center is a healthcare organization based out in Dallas, Texas, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Cancer. The organization has 39107 authors who have published 75242 publications receiving 4497256 citations. The organization is also known as: UT Southwestern & UT Southwestern Medical School.
Topics: Population, Cancer, Medicine, Gene, Receptor
Papers published on a yearly basis
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University of Maryland, Baltimore1, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio2, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai3, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center4, University of Illinois at Chicago5, University of California, San Diego6, Yale University7, Cornell University8, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill9, Tufts University10, University of Cincinnati11, University of New Mexico12, University of Amsterdam13, University of California, Los Angeles14, Duke University15, University of Colorado Boulder16, Boston University17, Harvard University18, Yeshiva University19, Case Western Reserve University20, SUNY Downstate Medical Center21, University of Minnesota22, Newcastle University23, University of Pittsburgh24, University of Michigan25, Dartmouth College26
TL;DR: Recommendations for addressing adherence problems to improve patient outcomes are developed, noting that multiple problems may be involved, requiring a combination of interventions.
Abstract: Objectives Poor adherence to medication treatment can have devastating consequences for patients with mental illness. The goal of this project was to develop recommendations for addressing adherence problems to improve patient outcomes. Methods The editors identified important topics and questions concerning medication adherence problems in serious mental illness that are not fully addressed in the literature. A survey was developed containing 39 questions (521 options) asking about defining nonadherence, extent of adherence problems in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, risk factors for nonadherence, assessment methods, and interventions for specific types of adherence problems. The survey was completed by 41 (85%) of the 48 experts to whom it was sent. Results of the literature review and survey were used to develop recommendations for assessing and improving adherence in patients with serious mental illness. Results ASSESSING ADHERENCE: The experts endorsed percentage of medication not taken as the preferred method of defining adherence, with 80% or more of medication taken endorsed as an appropriate cut-off for adherence in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Although self- and physician report are the most common methods used to assess adherence in clinical settings, they are often inaccurate and may underestimate nonadherence. The experts recommend that, if possible, clinicians also use more objective measures (e.g., pill counts, pharmacy records, and, when appropriate, serum levels such as are used for lithium). Use of a validated self-report scale may help improve accuracy. Scope of the problem The majority of the experts believed the average patient with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder in their practices takes only 51%-70% of prescribed medication. FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH NONADHERENCE: The experts endorsed poor insight and lack of illness awareness, distress associated with specific side effects or a general fear of side effects, inadequate efficacy with persistent symptoms, and believing medications are no longer needed as the most important factors leading to adherence problems in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. The experts considered weight gain a side effect that is very likely to lead to adherence problems in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder; sedation was considered a more important contributor to adherence problems in bipolar disorder than schizophrenia. The experts rated persistent positive or negative symptoms in schizophrenia and persistent grandiosity and manic symptoms in bipolar disorder as the most important symptomatic contributors to adherence problems in these illnesses. Interventions It is important to identify the specific factors that may be contributing to a patient's adherence problems in order to customize interventions to target those problems. Multiple problems may be involved, requiring a combination of interventions. Conclusions Adherence problems are complex and multidetermined. The experts recommended customized interventions focused on the underlying causes.
619 citations
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TL;DR: The concept of separate compartments of fat suggests that the face does not age as a confluent or composite mass and may be an additional factor in the etiology of soft-tissue malposition.
Abstract: Background:Observation suggests that the subcutaneous fat of the face is partitioned as distinct anatomical compartments.Methods:Thirty hemifacial cadaver dissections were performed after methylene blue had been injected into specified regions. Initial work focused on the nasolabial fat. Dye was all
618 citations
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TL;DR: C2-C6 short-chain fatty acids, ligands of an orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR41, stimulate leptin expression in both a mouse adipocyte cell line and mouse adipose tissue in primary culture, suggesting the relevance of this pathway in vivo.
Abstract: Leptin is an adipose-derived hormone that regulates a wide variety of physiological processes, including feeding behavior, metabolic rate, sympathetic nerve activity, reproduction, and immune response. Circulating leptin levels are tightly regulated according to energy homeostasis in vivo. Although mechanisms for the regulation of leptin production in adipocytes are not well understood, G protein-coupled receptors may play an important role in this adipocyte function. Here we report that C2–C6 short-chain fatty acids, ligands of an orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR41, stimulate leptin expression in both a mouse adipocyte cell line and mouse adipose tissue in primary culture. Acute oral administration of propionate increases circulating leptin levels in mice. The concentrations of short-chain fatty acids required to stimulate leptin production are within physiological ranges, suggesting the relevance of this pathway in vivo.
618 citations
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TL;DR: It is concluded that the cloned cDNAs encode cholesterol 24-hydroxylases that synthesize oxysterols in neurons of the brain and that secretion of 24S-hydroxycholesterol from this tissue in the mouse is developmentally regulated.
Abstract: The turnover of cholesterol in the brain is thought to occur via conversion of excess cholesterol into 24S-hydroxycholesterol, an oxysterol that is readily secreted from the central nervous system into the plasma. To gain molecular insight into this pathway of cholesterol metabolism, we used expression cloning to isolate cDNAs that encode murine and human cholesterol 24-hydroxylases. DNA sequence analysis indicates that both proteins are localized to the endoplasmic reticulum, share 95% identity, and represent a new cytochrome P450 subfamily (CYP46). When transfected into cultured cells, the cDNAs produce an enzymatic activity that converts cholesterol into 24S-hydroxycholesterol, and to a lesser extent, 25-hydroxycholesterol. The cholesterol 24-hydroxylase gene contains 15 exons and is located on human chromosome 14q32.1. Cholesterol 24-hydroxylase is expressed predominantly in the brain as judged by RNA and protein blotting. In situ mRNA hybridization and immunohistochemistry localize the expression of this P450 to neurons in multiple subregions of the brain. The concentrations of 24S-hydroxycholesterol in serum are low in newborn mice, reach a peak between postnatal days 12 and 15, and thereafter decline to baseline levels. In contrast, cholesterol 24-hydroxylase protein is first detected in the brain of mice at birth and continues to accumulate with age. We conclude that the cloned cDNAs encode cholesterol 24-hydroxylases that synthesize oxysterols in neurons of the brain and that secretion of 24S-hydroxycholesterol from this tissue in the mouse is developmentally regulated.
618 citations
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Johns Hopkins University1, Case Western Reserve University2, University of Utah3, National Institutes of Health4, University of Chicago5, Morehouse School of Medicine6, University of Miami7, Meharry Medical College8, University of California, San Diego9, Cleveland Clinic10, Ohio State University11, University of Michigan12, University of California, Los Angeles13, University of Illinois at Chicago14, Emory University15, Vanderbilt University16, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai17, University of Southern California18, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science19, University of Massachusetts Medical School20, Columbia University21, Howard University22, University of Alabama at Birmingham23, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center24
TL;DR: Overall analyses, intensive blood-pressure control had no effect on kidney disease progression, however, there may be differential effects of intensiveBlood pressure control in patients with and those without baseline proteinuria, as well as according to the baseline level of proteinuria.
Abstract: Background In observational studies, the relationship between blood pressure and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is direct and progressive. The burden of hypertension-related chronic kidney disease and ESRD is especially high among black patients. Yet few trials have tested whether intensive blood-pressure control retards the progression of chronic kidney disease among black patients. Methods We randomly assigned 1094 black patients with hypertensive chronic kidney disease to receive either intensive or standard blood-pressure control. After completing the trial phase, patients were invited to enroll in a cohort phase in which the blood-pressure target was less than 130/80 mm Hg. The primary clinical outcome in the cohort phase was the progression of chronic kidney disease, which was defined as a doubling of the serum creatinine level, a diagnosis of ESRD, or death. Follow-up ranged from 8.8 to 12.2 years. Results During the trial phase, the mean blood pressure was 130/78 mm Hg in the intensive-control gro...
618 citations
Authors
Showing all 39410 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Eugene Braunwald | 230 | 1711 | 264576 |
Joseph L. Goldstein | 207 | 556 | 149527 |
Eric N. Olson | 206 | 814 | 144586 |
Craig B. Thompson | 195 | 557 | 173172 |
Thomas C. Südhof | 191 | 653 | 118007 |
Scott M. Grundy | 187 | 841 | 231821 |
Michael S. Brown | 185 | 422 | 123723 |
Eric Boerwinkle | 183 | 1321 | 170971 |
Jiaguo Yu | 178 | 730 | 113300 |
John J.V. McMurray | 178 | 1389 | 184502 |
Eric J. Nestler | 178 | 748 | 116947 |
John D. Minna | 169 | 951 | 106363 |
Yuh Nung Jan | 162 | 460 | 74818 |
Andrew P. McMahon | 162 | 415 | 90650 |
Elliott M. Antman | 161 | 716 | 179462 |