Showing papers in "Biological Psychiatry in 2020"

TL;DR: Compelling evidence indicates that plasticity in the brain pain emotional systems is triggered by acute excessive drug intake and becomes sensitized during the development of compulsive drug taking with repeated withdrawal and contributes to the development and persistence ofCompulsive opioid-seeking behavior.

TL;DR: It is illustrated that such biological dysregulations map more consistently to atypical behavioral symptoms reflecting altered energy intake/expenditure balance and may moderate the antidepressant effects of standard or novel therapeutic approaches.

TL;DR: An overview of recent studies that utilize machine learning approaches to identify neuroimaging predictors over the past decade is provided and connectome-based predictive modeling, which has grown in popularity in recent years is highlighted.

TL;DR: In seeking to stem the rising toll from OUD, expanding access to approved treatment such as methadone, for which there remains the best evidence of efficacy, may be the most useful approach.

TL;DR: The beneficial effects of FAAH inhibition on fear extinction, as well as stress- and affect-related behaviors, provide a strong rationale for developing this drug class as a treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder.

TL;DR: The mood disorders share several genetic associations, and genetic studies of major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder can be combined effectively to enable the discovery of variants not identified by studying either disorder alone, however, several differences are demonstrated.

TL;DR: Current evidence points toward opioids promoting higher levels of permissive histone acetylation and lower levels of repressive histone methylation as well as alterations to DNA methylation patterns and noncoding RNA expression throughout the brain's reward circuitry.

TL;DR: This large-scale meta-analysis indicates a clear distinctive profile of circulating lipid metabolites associated with depression, potentially opening new prevention or treatment avenues for depression and its associated cardiometabolic comorbidity.

TL;DR: Recent clinical and preclinical findings on the neuroanatomical and neurochemical adaptations triggered by prolonged pain states in the brain reward pathway are discussed and evidence of mechanisms underlying comorbidities among pain, depression, and addiction is highlighted.

TL;DR: A novel mechanistic model of depression is proposed suggesting that people with depression have the tendency to predominantly expect negative events or experiences, which they subjectively feel confirmed due to reappraisal of disconfirming evidence, thus creating a self-reinforcing negative feedback loop.

TL;DR: It is argued that bifactor models, when properly applied and interpreted, can be useful for answering some important questions in psychology and psychiatry research.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that precision fMRI can improve the reliability of functional connectivity measures, while showing high stability and sensitivity to individual differences, as well as the application of these approaches to clinical settings.

TL;DR: Peripheral immune cell counts were used to distinguish inflamed and uninflamed subgroups of depression and to indicate that there may be mechanistically distinct sub groups of inflamed depression.

TL;DR: A cross-disorder analysis of brain structural abnormalities in 6 psychiatric disorders based on effect size estimates for cortical thickness and subcortical volume differences between healthy control subjects and psychiatric patients offers novel insights into transdiagnostic as well as disorder-specific brain structural abnormality across 6 major psychiatric disorders.

TL;DR: The functional link between circSTAG1 and m6A methylation in the context of MDD is dissected, providing evidence that circ STAG1 may be a novel therapeutic target for MDD.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that brain tissue volume loss in schizophrenia is conditioned by structural and functional connectivity, accounting for 25% to 35% of regional variance in deformation.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the integration of functional connectivity in sensory regions and the disintegration in associative regions may underlie the psychedelic state and pinpoint the critical role of the serotonin 2A and 1A receptor systems.

TL;DR: Emerging data-driven efforts to delineate more homogeneous ASD subgroups at the level of brain structure and function-that is, neurosubtyping are summarized, breaking this pursuit into key methodological steps: the selection of diagnostic samples, neuroimaging features, algorithms, and validation approaches.

TL;DR: A review of studies that leveraged data-driven approaches to examining heterogeneity in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias, with a principal focus on neuroimaging studies exploring subtypes of regional neurodegeneration patterns and outline avenues for future developments in the field.

TL;DR: Focusing on amygdala nuclei and their projections, evidence is provided suggesting that aberrant CRF expression and function may underlie augmented connectivity of the nucleus accumbens with fear/anxiety regions, disrupting the function of this critical locus of pleasure and reward.

TL;DR: The current knowledge on autophagy dysfunction in the context of AD pathophysiology is summarized, providing recent mechanistic insights on AD-mediated autophagic flux disruption and highlighting potential and novel therapeutic opportunities that target this system for AD therapy are highlighted.

TL;DR: There exist at least three ASD factors with dissociable whole-brain RSFC patterns, behaviors, and demographics that differentiated between core ASD and comorbid symptoms, thus reconciling categorical and dimensional perspectives of ASD heterogeneity.

TL;DR: To deal successfully with the opioid crisis, novel analgesics whose mechanisms do not involve the mu opioid receptor but that have high analgesic potency and low risk of adverse effects are needed, particularly no abuse liability.

TL;DR: The promise of using data-driven strategies to discover novel subtypes of depression based on functional neuroimaging measures is discussed and promising future directions for defining neurobiologically informed depression subtypes are identified for predicting treatment outcomes and informing clinical decision making.

TL;DR: The longitudinal evidence related to PTSD and inflammation is assessed to understand more clearly the directionality and causal nature of this relation and several statistical and study design approaches are recommended that may help untangle issues of bidirectionality and aid in determining the direction of causality between PTSD andinflammation.

TL;DR: This study demonstrates the ability of 3 chronic stress models in mice to recapitulate distinct aspects of the broad molecular pathology of human MDD, with no one mouse model apparently better than another.

TL;DR: The results suggest subtle changes of the average asymmetry of subcortical structures in pediatric OCD, which are not detectable in adults with the disorder, which may reflect altered neurodevelopmental processes in OCD.

TL;DR: A 4-factor structure representing negative, positive, affective, and cognitive symptoms was identified as the most stable and generalizable representation of psychopathology and showed higher internal consistency than the original Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale subscales and previously proposed factor models.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the genetic architecture of alcohol consumption only partially overlaps with the genetics of clinically defined AUD, and how future studies will require careful phenotype harmonization to properly capture the genetic liability to AUD is outlined.