Showing papers in "Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment in 2014"

Mantid - Data Analysis and Visualization Package for Neutron Scattering and $μ SR$ Experiments

Abstract: The Mantid framework is a software solution developed for the analysis and visualization of neutron scattering and muon spin measurements. The framework is jointly developed by software engineers and scientists at the ISIS Neutron and Muon Facility and the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The objectives, functionality and novel design aspects of Mantid are described.

Technology developments and first measurements of Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGAD) for high energy physics applications

Abstract: This paper introduces a new concept of silicon radiation detector with intrinsic multiplication of the charge, called Low Gain Avalanche Detector (LGAD). These new devices are based on the standard Avalanche Photo Diodes (APD) normally used for optical and X-ray detection applications. The main differences to standard APD detectors are the low gain requested to detect high energy charged particles, and the possibility to have fine segmentation pitches: this allows fabrication of microstrip or pixel devices which do not suffer from the limitations normally found [1] in avalanche detectors. In addition, a moderate multiplication value will allow the fabrication of thinner devices with the same output signal of standard thick substrates. The investigation of these detectors provides important indications on the ability of such modified electrode geometry to control and optimize the charge multiplication effect, in order to fully recover the collection efficiency of heavily irradiated silicon detectors, at reasonable bias voltage, compatible with the voltage feed limitation of the CERN High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) experiments [2] . For instance, the inner most pixel detector layers of the ATLAS tracker will be exposed to fluences up to 2×10 16 1 MeV n eq /cm 2 , while for the inner strip detector region fluences of 1×10 15 n eq /cm 2 are expected. The gain implemented in the non-irradiated devices must retain some effect also after irradiation, with a higher multiplication factor with respect to standard structures, in order to be used in harsh environments such those expected at collider experiments.

Mass distributions marginalized over per-event errors

Abstract: We present generalizations of the Crystal Ball function to describe mass peaks in which the per event mass resolution is unknown and marginalized over. The presented probability density functions are tested using a series of toy Monte Carlo samples generated with Pythia and smeared with different amounts of multiple scattering and for different detector resolutions. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Design, calibration, and performance of the MINERvA detector

Abstract: The MINERvA 6 experiment is designed to perform precision studies of neutrino-nucleus scattering using ν μ and ν ¯ μ neutrinos incident at 1–20 GeV in the NuMI beam at Fermilab. This article presents a detailed description of the MINERvA detector and describes the ex situ and in situ techniques employed to characterize the detector and monitor its performance. The detector is composed of a finely segmented scintillator-based inner tracking region surrounded by electromagnetic and hadronic sampling calorimetry. The upstream portion of the detector includes planes of graphite, iron and lead interleaved between tracking planes to facilitate the study of nuclear effects in neutrino interactions. Observations concerning the detector response over sustained periods of running are reported. The detector design and methods of operation have relevance to future neutrino experiments in which segmented scintillator tracking is utilized.

Test of a single module of the J-PET scanner based on plastic scintillators

Abstract: A Time of Flight Positron Emission Tomography scanner based on plastic scintillators is being developed at the Jagiellonian University by the J-PET collaboration. The main challenge of the conducted research lies in the elaboration of a method allowing application of plastic scintillators for the detection of low energy gamma quanta. In this paper we report on tests of a single detection module built out from the BC-420 plastic scintillator strip (with dimensions of 5 � 19 � 300 mm 3 ) read out at two ends by Hamamatsu R5320 photomultipliers. The measurements were performed using collimated beam of annihilation quanta from the 68 Ge isotope and applying the Serial Data Analyzer (Lecroy SDA6000A) which enabled sampling of signals with 50 ps intervals. The time resolution of the prototype module was established to be better than 80 ps (σ) for a single level discrimination. The spatial resolution of the determination of the hit position along the strip was determined to be about 0.93 cm (σ) for the annihilation quanta. The fractional energy resolution for the energy E deposited by the annihilation quanta via the Compton scattering amounts to σðEÞ=E � 0:044= ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi EðMeVÞ p

Tunka-133: Results of 3 year operation

Abstract: The EAS Cherenkov light array Tunka-133, with ~3 km2 geometric area, is taking data since 2009. The array permits a detailed study of cosmic ray energy spectrum and mass composition in the PeV energy range. After a short description of the methods of EAS parameter reconstruction, we present the all-particle energy spectrum and results of studying CR composition, based on 3 seasons of array operation. In the last part of the paper, we discuss possible interpretations of the obtained results.

DALI2: A NaI(Tl) detector array for measurements of γ rays from fast nuclei

Abstract: A NaI(Tl) detector array called DALI2 (Detector Array for Low Intensity radiation 2) has been constructed for in-beam -ray spectroscopy experiments with fast radioactive isotope (RI) beams. It consists typically of 186 NaI(Tl) scintillator s covering polar angles from∼15 ◦ to∼160 ◦ with an average angular resolution of 6 ◦ in full width at half maximum. Its high granularity (good angular resolution) enables Doppler-shift correcti ons that result in, for example, 10% energy resolution and 20% full-energy photopeak effi ciency for 1-MeV rays emitted from fast-moving nuclei (velocities of v/c ≃ 0.6). DALI2 has been employed successfully in numerous experiments using fast RI beams with velocities of v/c = 0.3− 0.6 provided by the RIKEN RI Beam Factory.

Calibration of the Super-Kamiokande detector

Abstract: Procedures and results on hardware-level detector calibration in Super-Kamiokande (SK) are presented in this paper. In particular, we report improvements made in our calibration methods for the experimental phase IV in which new readout electronics have been operating since 2008. The topics are separated into two parts. The first part describes the determination of constants needed to interpret the digitized output of our electronics so that we can obtain physical numbers such as photon counts and their arrival times for each photomultiplier tube (PMT). In this context, we developed an in situ procedure to determine high-voltage settings for PMTs in large detectors like SK, as well as a new method for measuring PMT quantum efficiency and gain in such a detector. The second part describes modeling of the detector in Monte Carlo simulations, including, in particular, the optical properties of the water target and their variability over time. Detailed studies on water quality are also presented. As a result of this work, we have achieved a precision sufficient for physics analyses over a wide energy range (from a few MeV to above 1 TeV). For example, charge determination was at the level of 1%, and the timing resolution was 2.1 ns at the one-photoelectron charge level and 0.5 ns at the 100-photoelectron charge level.

Gamos: A framework to do Geant4 simulations in different physics fields with an user-friendly interface

Abstract: G amos is a software system for G eant 4-based simulation. It comprises a framework, a set of components providing functionality to simulation applications on top of the G eant 4 toolkit, and a collection of ready-made applications. It allows to perform G eant 4-based simulations using a scripting language, without requiring the writing of C++ code. Moreover, G amos design allows the extension of the existing functionality through user-supplied C++ classes. The main characteristics of G amos and its embedded functionality are described.

The Spallation Neutron Source accelerator system design

Abstract: The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) was designed and constructed by a collaboration of six U.S. Department of Energy national laboratories. The SNS accelerator system consists of a 1 GeV linear accelerator and an accumulator ring providing 1.4 MW of proton beam power in microsecond-long beam pulses to a liquid mercury target for neutron production. The accelerator complex consists of a front-end negative hydrogen-ion injector system, an 87 MeV drift tube linear accelerator, a 186 MeV side-coupled linear accelerator, a 1 GeV superconducting linear accelerator, a 248-m circumference accumulator ring and associated beam transport lines. The accelerator complex is supported by ~100 high-power RF power systems, a 2 K cryogenic plant, ~400 DC and pulsed power supply systems, ~400 beam diagnostic devices and a distributed control system handling ~100,000 I/O signals. The beam dynamics design of the SNS accelerator is presented, as is the engineering design of the major accelerator subsystems.

A likelihood-based reconstruction algorithm for top-quark pairs and the KLFitter framework

Abstract: A likelihood-based reconstruction algorithm for arbitrary event topologies is introduced and, as an example, applied to the single-lepton decay mode of top-quark pair production. The algorithm comes with several options which further improve its performance, in particular the reconstruction efficiency, i.e., the fraction of events for which the observed jets and leptons can be correctly associated with the final-state particles of the corresponding event topology. The performance is compared to that of well-established reconstruction algorithms using a common framework for kinematic fitting. This framework has a modular structure which describes the physics processes and detector models independently. The implemented algorithms are generic and can easily be ported from one experiment to another.

Measurements of charge sharing in small pixel CdTe detectors

Abstract: CdTe detectors with a thickness of 1 mm and a pixel pitch of 250 µm have been flip-chip-bonded to the HEXITEC read-out ASIC. The detectors record both the position and energy of X-ray interactions producing an X-ray spectrum for each of the 6400 pixels in the energy range 2–200 keV. In this arrangement, detectors have been shown to produce excellent spectroscopy with FWHM better than 1.2 keV at an interaction energy of 59.5 keV. Due to the use of small pixels, a significant number of events experience charge sharing where the total energy of the event is distributed between multiple pixels. Under normal operating conditions, the proportion of events that experience charge sharing was measured to be 36.4%. Without correction these events lead to a reduction in the spectroscopic performance of the detector, the production of pronounced fluorescence and X-ray escape peaks, and the detection sensitivity. In this paper, the effect of different correction algorithms and operating conditions on the detector performance is presented.

A 15 GSa/s, 1.5 GHz bandwidth waveform digitizing ASIC

Abstract: The PSEC4 custom integrated circuit was designed for the recording of fast waveforms for use in largearea time-of-ight detector systems. The ASIC has been fabricated using the IBM-8RF 0.13 m CMOS process. On each of 6 analog channels, PSEC4 employs a switched capacitor array (SCA) 256 samples deep, a ramp-compare ADC with 10.5 bits of DC dynamic range, and a serial data readout with the capability of region-of-interest windowing to reduce dead time. The sampling rate can be adjusted between 4 and 15 Gigasamples/second [GSa/s] on all channels and is servo-controlled on-chip with a low-jitter delay-locked loop (DLL). The input signals are passively coupled on-chip with a -3 dB analog bandwidth of 1.5 GHz. The power consumption in quiescent sampling mode is less than 50 mW/chip; at a sustained trigger and readout rate of 50 kHz the chip draws 100 mW. After xed-pattern pedestal subtraction, the uncorrected dierential non-linearity is 0.15% over an 750 mV dynamic range. With a linearity correction, a full 1 V signal voltage range is available. The sampling timebase has a xed-pattern non-linearity with an RMS of

Laser-driven ion acceleration: State of the art and emerging mechanisms

Abstract: Ion acceleration driven by high intensity laser pulses is attracting an impressive and steadily increasing research effort. Experiments over the past 10–15 years have demonstrated, over a wide range of laser and target parameters, the generation of multi-MeV proton and ion beams with unique properties, which have stimulated interest in a number of innovative applications. While most of this work has been based on sheath acceleration processes, where space-charge fields are established by relativistic electrons at surfaces of the irradiated target, a number of novel mechanisms has been the focus of recent theoretical and experimental activities. This paper will provide a brief review of the state of the art in the field of laser-driven ion acceleration, with particular attention to recent developments.

Time resolution deterioration with increasing crystal length in a TOF-PET system

Abstract: Highest time resolution in scintillator based detectors is becoming more and more important In medical detector physics L(Y)SO scintillators are commonly used for time of flight positron emission tomography (TOF-PET) Coincidence time resolutions (CTRs) smaller than 100 ps FWHM are desirable in order to improve the image signal to noise ratio and thus give benefit to the patient by shorter scanning times Also in high energy physics there is the demand to improve the timing capabilities of calorimeters down to 10 ps To achieve these goals it is important to study the whole chain, ie the high energy particle interaction in the crystal, the scintillation process itself, the scintillation light transfer in the crystal, the photodetector and the electronics Time resolution measurements for a PET like system are performed with the time-over-threshold method in a coincidence setup utilizing the ultra-fast amplifier-discriminator NINO With 2×2×3 mm3 LSO:Ce codoped 04%Ca crystals coupled to commercially available SiPMs (Hamamatsu S10931-050P MPPC) we achieve a CTR of 108±5 ps FWHM at an energy of 511 keV Under the same experimental conditions an increase in crystal length to 5 mm deteriorates the CTR to 123±7 ps FWHM, 10 mm to 143±7 ps FWHM and 20 mm to 176±7 ps FWHM This degradation in CTR is caused by the light transfer efficiency (LTE) and light transfer time spread (LTTS) in the crystal To quantitatively understand the measured values, we developed a Monte Carlo simulation tool in MATLAB incorporating the timing properties of the photodetector and electronics, the scintillation properties of the crystal and the light transfer within the crystal simulated by SLITRANI In this work, we show that the predictions of the simulation are in good agreement with the experimental data We conclude that for longer crystals the deterioration in CTR is mainly caused by the LTE, ie the ratio of photons reaching the photodetector to the total amount of photons generated by the scintillation whereas the LTTS influence is partly offset by the gamma absorption in the crystal

Production of a gadolinium-loaded liquid scintillator for the Daya Bay reactor neutrino experiment

Abstract: We report on the production and characterization of liquid scintillators for the detection of electron antineutrinos by the Daya Bay reactor neutrino experiment. A 185 tons of gadolinium-loaded (0.1% by mass) liquid scintillator (Gd-LS) and a 200 tons of unloaded liquid scintillator (LS) were successfully produced from a linear-alkylbenzene (LAB) solvent in 6 months. The scintillator properties, the production and purification systems, and the quality assurance and control (QA/QC) procedures are described. (C) 2014 Elsevier By. All rights reserved.

Dual-particle imaging system based on simultaneous detection of photon and neutron collision events

Abstract: A dual-particle imaging (DPI) system capable of simultaneously detecting and imaging fast neutrons and photons has been designed and built. Imaging fast neutrons and photons simultaneously is particularly desirable for nuclear nonproliferation and/or safeguards applications because typical sources of interest (special nuclear material) emit both particle types. The DPI system consists of three detection planes: the first two planes consist of organic-liquid scintillators and the third plane consists of NaI(Tl) inorganic scintillators. Pulse shape discrimination technique(s) may be used for the liquid scintillators to differentiate neutron and photon pulses whereas the NaI(Tl) scintillators are highly insensitive to neutrons. A prototype DPI system was set up using a digital data acquisition system as a proof of concept. Initial measurements showed potential for use of the DPI system with special nuclear material. The DPI system has efficiencies of the order of 10 −4 correlated counts per incident particles for both neutron and photon correlated counts, with simple-backprojection images displaying peaks within a few degrees of the source location. This uncertainty is expected to decrease with more extensive data interpretation.

A novel Rb vapor plasma source for plasma wakefield accelerators

Abstract: We describe a novel plasma source developed at the Max Planck Institute for Physics that will be used for a proton driven plasma wakefield accelerator experiment at CERN. Rubidium vapor is confined in a 10 meter -long, 4 cm diameter, oil-heated stainless steel pipe. A laser pulse tunnel ionizes the vapor forming a 10-meter long, � 1 mm radius plasma with a range of densities around � 10 15 cm � 3 . Access to the source is provided using custom manufactured fast valves. The source is designed to produce a plasma with a density uniformity of at least � 0:2% during the beam–plasma interaction. & 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/).

Novel method for hit-position reconstruction using voltage signals in plastic scintillators and its application to Positron Emission Tomography

Abstract: Currently inorganic scintillator detectors are used in all commercial Time of Flight Positron Emission Tomograph (TOF-PET) devices. The J-PET collaboration investigates a possibility of construction of a PET scanner from plastic scintillators which would allow for single bed imaging of the whole human body. This paper describes a novel method of hit-position reconstruction based on sampled signals and an example of an application of the method for a single module with a 30 cm long plastic strip, read out on both ends by Hamamatsu R4998 photomultipliers. The sampling scheme to generate a vector with samples of a PET event waveform with respect to four user-defined amplitudes is introduced. The experimental setup provides irradiation of a chosen position in the plastic scintillator strip with an annihilation gamma quanta of energy 511 keV. The statistical test for a multivariate normal (MVN) distribution of measured vectors at a given position is developed, and it is shown that signals sampled at four thresholds in a voltage domain are approximately normally distributed variables. With the presented method of a vector analysis made out of waveform samples acquired with four thresholds, we obtain a spatial resolution of about 1 cm and a timing resolution of about 80 ps ( σ).

Nonlinear dynamics optimization with particle swarm and genetic algorithms for SPEAR3 emittance upgrade

Abstract: Nonlinear dynamics optimization is carried out for a low emittance upgrade lattice of SPEAR3 in order to improve its dynamic aperture and Touschek lifetime. Two multi-objective optimization algorithms, a genetic algorithm and a particle swarm algorithm, are used for this study. The performance of the two algorithms are compared. The result shows that the particle swarm algorithm converges significantly faster to similar or better solutions than the genetic algorithm and it does not require seeding of good solutions in the initial population. These advantages of the particle swarm algorithm may make it more suitable for many accelerator optimization applications.

The iQID Camera: An Ionizing-Radiation Quantum Imaging Detector

Abstract: We have developed and tested a novel, ionizing-radiation Quantum Imaging Detector (iQID). This scintillation-based detector was originally developed as a high-resolution gamma-ray imager, called BazookaSPECT, for use in single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Recently, we have investigated the detector's response and imaging potential with other forms of ionizing radiation including alpha, neutron, beta, and fission fragment particles. The confirmed response to this broad range of ionizing radiation has prompted its new title. The principle operation of the iQID camera involves coupling a scintillator to an image intensifier. The scintillation light generated by particle interactions is optically amplified by the intensifier and then re-imaged onto a CCD/CMOS camera sensor. The intensifier provides sufficient optical gain that practically any CCD/CMOS camera can be used to image ionizing radiation. The spatial location and energy of individual particles are estimated on an event-by-event basis in real time using image analysis algorithms on high-performance graphics processing hardware. Distinguishing features of the iQID camera include portability, large active areas, excellent detection efficiency for charged particles, and high spatial resolution (tens of microns). Although modest, iQID has energy resolution that is sufficient to discriminate between particles. Additionally, spatial features of individual events can be used for particle discrimination. An important iQID imaging application that has recently been developed is real-time, single-particle digital autoradiography. We present the latest results and discuss potential applications.

The prototyping/early construction phase of the BAIKAL-GVD project

Abstract: The prototyping phase of the BAIKAL-GVD project has been started in April 2011 with the deployment of a three string engineering array which comprises all basic elements and systems of the Gigaton Volume Detector (GVD) in Lake Baikal. In April 2012 the version of engineering array which comprises the first full-scale string of the GVD demonstration cluster had been deployed and operated during 2012. The first stage of the GVD-cluster which consists of three strings was deployed in April 2013. We review the prototyping phase of the BAIKAL-GVD project and describe the configuration and design of the 2013 engineering array.

The Si/CdTe semiconductor Compton camera of the ASTRO-H Soft Gamma-ray Detector (SGD)

Abstract: The Soft Gamma-ray Detector (SGD) is one of the instrument payloads onboard ASTRO-H, and will cover a wide energy band (60–600 keV) at a background level 10 times better than instruments currently in orbit. The SGD achieves low background by combining a Compton camera scheme with a narrow field-of-view active shield. The Compton camera in the SGD is realized as a hybrid semiconductor detector system which consists of silicon and cadmium telluride (CdTe) sensors. The design of the SGD Compton camera has been finalized and the final prototype, which has the same configuration as the flight model, has been fabricated for performance evaluation. The Compton camera has overall dimensions of 12 cm×12 cm×12 cm, consisting of 32 layers of Si pixel sensors and 8 layers of CdTe pixel sensors surrounded by 2 layers of CdTe pixel sensors. The detection efficiency of the Compton camera reaches about 15% and 3% for 100 keV and 511 keV gamma rays, respectively. The pixel pitch of the Si and CdTe sensors is 3.2 mm, and the signals from all 13,312 pixels are processed by 208 ASICs developed for the SGD. Good energy resolution is afforded by semiconductor sensors and low noise ASICs, and the obtained energy resolutions with the prototype Si and CdTe pixel sensors are 1.0–2.0 keV (FWHM) at 60 keV and 1.6–2.5 keV (FWHM) at 122 keV, respectively. This results in good background rejection capability due to better constraints on Compton kinematics. Compton camera energy resolutions achieved with the final prototype are 6.3 keV (FWHM) at 356 keV and 10.5 keV (FWHM) at 662 keV, which satisfy the instrument requirements for the SGD Compton camera (better than 2%). Moreover, a low intrinsic background has been confirmed by the background measurement with the final prototype.

The ALPHA antihydrogen trapping apparatus

Abstract: The ALPHA collaboration, based at CERN, has recently succeeded in confining cold antihydrogen atoms in a magnetic minimum neutral atom trap and has performed the first study of a resonant transition of the anti-atoms. The ALPHA apparatus will be described herein, with emphasis on the structural aspects, diagnostic methods and techniques that have enabled antihydrogen trapping and experimentation to be achieved.

OCELOT: A software framework for synchrotron light source and FEL studies

Abstract: OCELOT is a novel multiphysics simulation toolkit, which has been in development at European XFEL in collaboration with NRC Kurchatov Institute and DESY since 2011. In this paper we describe its architecture, implementation, and applications in the area of synchrotron light sources and FELs.

PET/MRI insert using digital SiPMs: Investigation of MR-compatibility.

Abstract: In this work, we present an initial MR-compatibility study performed with the world's first preclinical PET/MR insert based on fully digital silicon photo multipliers (dSiPM) The PET insert allows simultaneous data acquisition of both imaging modalities and thus enables the true potential of hybrid PET/MRI Since the PET insert has the potential to interfere with all of the MRI's subsystems (strong magnet, gradients system, radio frequency (RF) system) and vice versa, interference studies on both imaging systems are of great importance to ensure an undisturbed operation As a starting point to understand the interference, we performed signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) measurements as well as dedicated noise scans on the MRI side to characterize the influence of the PET electronics on the MR receive chain Furthermore, improvements of sub-components’ shielding of the PET system are implemented and tested inside the MRI To study the influence of the MRI on the PET performance, we conducted highly demanding stress tests with gradient and RF dominated MR sequences These stress tests unveil a sensitivity of the PET's electronics to gradient switching

Reactor antineutrino monitoring with a plastic scintillator array as a new safeguards method

Abstract: We developed a segmented reactor-antineutrino detector made of plastic scintillators for application as a tool in nuclear safeguards inspection and performed mostly unmanned field operations at a commercial power plant reactor. At a position outside the reactor building, we measured the difference in reactor antineutrino flux above the ground when the reactor was active and inactive.

Experimental tests of the new plastic scintillator with pulse shape discrimination capabilities EJ-299-33

Abstract: We have studied the prototype of a new plastic scintillator material (EJ-299-33) engineered for gamma-neutron discrimination. Energy and time resolutions as well as pulse shape discrimination capability have been compared with those of standard plastic and liquid scintillators. EJ-299-33 characteristics are somewhat poorer compared to standard scintillators. However, results obtained with the new plastic material suggest its possible use in basic research (time-of-flight measurements) as well as in Homeland Security applications (neutron/gamma monitoring device).

Chromium compensated gallium arsenide detectors for X-ray and γ-ray spectroscopic imaging

Abstract: Semi-insulating GaAs material of 500 μm thickness grown using the Liquid Encapsulated Czochralski (LEC) method has been compensated with chromium to produce high resistivity single crystals suitable for spectroscopic imaging applications. Results are presented for the performance of three small pixel detectors each with 80×80 pixels on a 250 μm pitch, fabricated with metal contacts and bonded to a spectroscopic imaging ASIC. Current–voltage measurements demonstrated a material resistivity of 2.5×10 9 Ω cm at room temperature. At an optimised bias voltage, the average energy resolution at 60 keV (FWHM) was in the range 2.8–3.3 keV per pixel. An analysis of the voltage dependent X-ray spectroscopy suggests that the electron mobility lifetime ( μτ e ) for each detector is in the range 2.1–4.5×10 −5 cm 2 V −1 . The spectroscopic imaging capability of the detectors is also demonstrated in X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements.

The anti-bend cell for ultralow emittance storage ring lattices

Abstract: A small bending magnet of negative deflection, called anti-bend, can be used to reduce the equilibrium emittance of a periodic lattice cell by providing the proper matching of the dispersion function to the theoretical minimum emittance (TME) condition. With an anti-bend deflection angle of about −10% of the main bending magnet angle, a factor of 2 lower emittance can be achieved. Integration of horizontal focusing into the anti-bend leads to an economic half-quadrupole magnet design, which allows the damping partitions to be conveniently adjusted for further emittance reduction. The use of the anti-bend cell (ABC) is exemplified by the draft design of a compact storage ring with very low emittance and options for short pulse operation.