Showing papers in "Toxicology in Vitro in 2018"

TL;DR: The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development and the National Toxicology Program Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods co-organized a workshop and webinar series to explore the capabilities and limitations of IVIVE within this context.

TL;DR: It is argued that rapid developments in the 3D culture of primary epithelium cells, the use of induced pluripotent stem cells for generation of lung epithelial cells and the development of organ-on-a-chip technology are among the important developments that will allow significant advances in this field.

TL;DR: Doxorubicin-induced mitophagy and mitochondrial damage in cardiomyocytes are mediated, at least in part, by dysregulation of the PINK1/parkin pathway.

TL;DR: Toxicity of CuO NPs is driven by ROS in human and mussel cells, and Mussel cells respond to CuO NP exposure by triggering an array of defensive mechanisms.

TL;DR: The importance of using integrated approaches that combine existing data with in vitro and/or computational approaches to generate new data was discussed and the importance of dosimetry considerations and of understanding mechanisms of acute toxicity, which could be facilitated by the development of adverse outcome pathways.

TL;DR: The results indicate that PFOS and PFOA act on steroidogenic ovarian cells as endocrine disruptors, which could affect the dependent functions of sexual steroids.

TL;DR: The AOPs and the toolbox of in vitro and in silico models that can be used to assess the key events leading to toxicity following inhalation exposure are described and a decision tree approach is presented to identify an appropriate non-animal integrated testing strategy.

TL;DR: Dermal toxicity of ionic liquids is evaluated using human keratinocyte and fibroblast cell line, 3D reconstructed human epidermis, and full-thickness model to investigate underlying mechanisms, and cytotoxicity of [TFSI] containing ions was comparable to xylene, a toxic conventional organic solvent.

TL;DR: The data clearly demonstrated that, while zinc played a crucial role on neuroprotection against Cd-induced neurotoxicity independently from the cellular phenotype, selenium is ineffective in differentiated cholinergic cells, supporting the notion that the molecular events occurring in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells are critical for the response to specific stimuli.

TL;DR: Results show that formulations of glyphosate-based herbicides induce TM4 mitochondrial dysfunction, disruption of cell detoxification systems, lipid droplet accumulation and mortality at sub-agricultural doses, and formulants, especially those present in Glyphogan, are more deleterious than glyphosate and thus should be considered as active principles of these pesticides.

TL;DR: In vitro evidence for new potential clinical applications of EVOO extracts and/or single oil-derived compounds in the prevention and treatment of non-melanoma skin cancers is provided.

TL;DR: This study investigated the binding of six organic contaminants commonly found in biosolids, to the estrogen (ER), androgen (AR), aryl hydrocarbon (AhR), and transthyretin (TTR) receptors and their redox activity.

TL;DR: Of the two ATP- based assays, the CellTiterGlo assay gave the best correlation with cell count data, although some particle-dependent effects were observed, and ATP-based assays seem most suitable for in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of MSNs.

TL;DR: WPM2.5 appeared to impair cytokine release in BEAS-2B cells, in particular of IL-8, possibly by damaging cytoskeletal function involved in protein secretion.

TL;DR: The findings imply that nimbolide induces autophagy mediated apoptotic cell death in breast cancer with epigenetic modifications.

TL;DR: Mitochondrial protein thiols are proposed as major targets of mitochondrial copper toxicity in Wilson disease, as evidenced by a comparatively early membrane potential loss, profound structural changes already at low copper dose, and a dose-dependent reduced capacity to produce ATP.

TL;DR: The percutaneous absorption through human skin has been investigated in an in vitro study according to OECD TG 428 (Skin Absorption: In Vitro Method), with no metabolism observed in any of the epidermis samples; however some metabolism was observed in dermis and receptor fluid samples with formation of BPA-glucuronide and BPA

TL;DR: Evidence that curcumin can ameliorate CFZ efficacy is found, and it is hypothesized that this effect might be useful to optimize CFZ therapy in MM patients.

TL;DR: A concise, critical evaluation of a number of in vitro systems utilised to assess the hepatotoxic potential of xenobiotics is provided.

TL;DR: This paper shows a tiered scientific workflow and how each tier addresses the four steps of the risk assessment paradigm and tackles the question of evaluating the internal dose when systemic exposure happens.

TL;DR: This finding suggested that cordycepin induced apoptosis of human brain cancer cells through mitochondrial-mediated intrinsic pathway and the modulation of autophagy, which could be a promising candidate for the development of anticancer drugs targeting human brain cancers.

TL;DR: The results indicate that vitexin offers neuroprotection to cells in part via augmenting the antioxidant mechanisms, maintaining lipid homeostasis and inhibiting apoptosis induced by Aβ.

TL;DR: The inflammatory response seen in the air phase exposures correspond well with previous in vivo studies, which indicates that lung models cultured at ALI are more suitable than submerged cell cultures in toxicity assessment studies of inhaled agents.

TL;DR: The results revealed a promising ADMET profile and suggested that riparins could be starting points for lead optimization programs for natural products with antischistosomal properties.

TL;DR: CdCl2 caused structural modification of HDL3 and impaired the beneficial functions of HDL2, including anti-oxidation, anti-atherosclerosis, and anti-senescence effects, in hyperlipidemic zebrafish model.

TL;DR: Results indicate that pristine graphene monolayer is non-toxic for murine subcutaneous connective tissue fibroblasts and could be beneficial for recovery of damaged tissues after injury.

TL;DR: The data suggest that either TEWL of 10 g/m2/h or skin conductance of 0.07 mS/cm2 can be used as exclusion criteria in skin integrity testing to remove skin samples with high permeabilities under the in vitro conditions studied.

TL;DR: Results show that A. satureioides extract possesses a combination of flavonoids, some unique for this plant, which have synergistic anticancer activity and potential for further studies in vivo.

TL;DR: The results indicated that Cd exposure damages cells also induces apoptosis and autophagy, meanwhile demonstrate that the ERK1/2 signaling pathway plays an important role in this process.

TL;DR: Exposure to subtoxic doses of lead is toxic to SCs, even at low concentrations, and is expected to alter spermatogenesis, in conclusion.