Showing papers in "Trends in Pharmacological Sciences in 2019"

TL;DR: The clinical applications of each element of the tumor circulome and the prevailing factors that currently limit their implementation in clinical practice are discussed.

TL;DR: Emerging applications of AI to improve the drug discovery process are discussed here to make the hunt for new pharmaceuticals quicker, cheaper, and more effective.

TL;DR: It is explained how recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) can be used to reshape key steps of clinical trial design towards increasing trial success rates.

TL;DR: The current pharmacological strategies aimed to keep cancer cells in the harmless dormant state, to reactivate dormant cells to increase their susceptibility to anti-proliferative drugs, and to eradicate dormant cancer cells are analyzed.

TL;DR: A special emphasis is given to proteins and pathways within the tumor and stromal compartments that are targeted by triptolide and its analogs as well as the ongoing clinical trials.

TL;DR: The myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) is the 'queen bee' of the tumor microenvironment that protect the cancer from the patient's immune system, make the tumor resistant to immunotherapy, and allow the tumor to thrive while the patient withering away.

TL;DR: Important new findings that include target identification through structural determination of anesthetic binding sites, details of receptors and ion channels involved in neurotransmission, and the critical roles of neuronal networks in anesthetic effects on memory and consciousness are summarized.

TL;DR: The structures of AMPs from the four main classes currently recognized - that is, peptides with α-helical, β-sheet, αβ, or non-αβ elements - as well as the growing pool of complex topologies including various post-translational modifications (PTMs) are discussed.

TL;DR: The non-genomic effects of GCs on pathways relevant to the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases and the putative role of the membrane GC receptor are discussed.

TL;DR: The prospects and challenges faced in translating in vitro findings to clinical benefit are addressed, and strategies to identify novel, clinically useful mPTP inhibitors are explored, highlighting key considerations in the drug discovery process.

TL;DR: Recent advances as applied to preclinical drug safety and postmarketing surveillance with a specific focus on machine and deep learning (DL) approaches are explored.

TL;DR: Insight from GPCRomic approaches, gaps in knowledge, and future directions by which GPCRomics can advance G PCR biology and the discovery of new GPCRs-targeted drugs are reviewed.

TL;DR: Past research on σ receptors is revisited and a synthesis of emerging structural and genetic data on the σ1 receptor is provided and the recent cloning of the ρ2 receptor is discussed.

TL;DR: A comprehensive overview of the role of mechanosensitive transcription factors in atherosclerosis is presented, and future directions for developing novel therapeutic agents by targeting MSTFs are highlighted.

TL;DR: Current understanding of the role of Piezo1 in vascular mechanobiology and associated clinical disorders, such as atherosclerosis and hypertension, is discussed and novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of vascular diseases are identified.

TL;DR: In vitro TGx systems and their potential impact on risk assessment are discussed, and awareness of the rapid advancement of genomics technologies, which generates novel genomics features essential for enhanced risk assessment is raised.

TL;DR: It is proposed that newly identified mechanisms controlling SOCS function could be exploited to develop molecularly targeted drugs with unique modes of action to inhibit JAK-STAT signalling in disease.

TL;DR: Caspase-11-dependent cleavage of gasdermin D is discussed as a link between LPS-induced activation of caspases and pyroptosis or NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

TL;DR: Findings from recent work are summarized by focusing on different classes of metabolites produced by the gut microbiota and their effects in modulating host health and disease.

TL;DR: This multilayered review provides a research framework bridging the eukaryotic and atypical kinase classes and provides a structure-centered comparison of their sequences, structures, hydrophobic spines, mutation and SNP hotspots, and inhibitor interaction patterns.

TL;DR: The phage display method is reviewed and its contribution to the identification of peptides of interest for the therapeutic market is reviewed.

TL;DR: Different peptideSelf-assembly designs are outlined, the advantages of using peptide self-assembly in the delivery of various classes of therapeutics are highlighted, and how advanced functionalities such as targeting and disease responsiveness can be built into designed peptide systems are demonstrated.

TL;DR: The clinical challenges and opportunities to utilize omics-based signatures for better management of breast cancer patients and treatment decision-making are summarized.

TL;DR: A more nuanced understanding of the mAChR will be necessary to best translate preclinical findings into successful clinical treatments, and a diverse array of pharmacological properties will be needed.

TL;DR: Current evidence supporting immune system-tumor vasculature crosstalk is highlighted and how this relationship can provide new rationales for developing more effective combination immunotherapy strategies for treating human cancers is outlined.

TL;DR: This work focuses on recent advances in understanding miRNA deregulation in inflammatory diseases and provides an overview of the current development of miRNA-based therapeutics in these diseases with an emphasis on newly discovered miRNA therapeutic targets.

TL;DR: Current efforts to develop small molecules to target distinct components of the unfolded protein response, and their possible applications in treating human disease, focusing on neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders, and cancer are discussed.

TL;DR: The role of ALDH in cancer and therapy resistance is discussed, and the various available ALDH inhibitors are overviewed with a focus on the clinical potential and limitations of these agents as cancer therapeutics.

TL;DR: The uses and limitations of approved EGFR inhibitors are addressed and the potential of drug combinations and new third avenues to block the activation of the EGFR are explored.

TL;DR: The roles of HSF1 in cancer, its potential as a prognostic indicator for cancer treatment, and guidelines for the identification of selective HSf1 inhibitors as chemical probes and for clinical development are reviewed.