Showing papers in "Tuberculosis in 2017"

TL;DR: A five-gene real-time PCR-based signature was developed that captures the clinically relevant responses to TB treatment and provides a convenient platform for stratifying patients according to their risk of treatment failure, and can complement sputum-based Gene Xpert for patient stratification, providing a rapid and accurate alternative to current methods.

TL;DR: Interestingly, a higher proportion of the LTBI subjects responded concomitantly to TB1 and TB2 compared to those with activeTB, whereas a selective TB2 response associated with active TB, suggesting that TB2 stimulation induces a CD8 T-cell response in absence of a CD4-response.

TL;DR: It is established that the protective efficacy of standard parenteral BCG immunisation varies among different rhesus cohorts, which provides different dynamic ranges for evaluation of investigational vaccines, opportunities for identifying possible correlates of protective immunity and for determining why parenTERal BCg immunisation sometimes fails.

TL;DR: Single-stranded DNA aptamers against MPT64 protein, one of the predominant secreted proteins of Mtb pathogen, are selected in vitro using systematic evolution of ligands through exponential enrichment (SELEX) method and could be further used for the development of medical diagnostic tools and detection assays for Mtb.

TL;DR: MiR-16 and miR-155 in serum may act as surrogate biomarker for studying TB infection, progression of therapy and MDR TB.

TL;DR: Investigating the relationship of common social determinants on therapy failure and MDR in people with TB found that low income, low education and alcohol abuse were associated with therapy failure, and increasing age of the population was able to explain a consistent part of the heterogeneity found.

TL;DR: WGS of 74 clinical TB isolates from Mumbai, India, characterising genotypic drug resistance to first- and second-line anti-TB drugs implies the rapid clinical applicability of WGS based TB diagnosis, and provides the first evidence of epidemiological linkage for tracking TB transmission in India.

TL;DR: An update on the discovery of new drugs for TB therapy with a glance at molecular mechanisms leading to drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is offered.

TL;DR: Cytokines such as IL-2 and IL-10 may serve as biomarkers for distinguishing ATB from LTBI and healthy control and may contribute to intervention and improvement in TB diagnosis.

TL;DR: The findings support the importance for routine screening of T2DM among newly-diagnosed TB patients in order to stratify them for immediate DR assessment, and highlight the need for clinical trials to evaluate variations to the standard TB treatment in TB-T2DM to prevent adverse treatment outcomes.

TL;DR: A detailed account of the molecular mechanisms of resistance against two sterilizing first line anti-TB drugs (RIF and PZA) as well as an overview of sequence-based methods for detection of resistance to the drugs are provided.

TL;DR: The observed changes in mRNA expression profiles may partially account for the inability of AMsTB to effectively control Mtb infection, suggesting that a balanced control of pro- and anti-inflammatory immune responses is crucial for infection control.

TL;DR: A review of the protein MmpL5, a transmembrane transporter of Mycobacterium, shows the importance of the RND superfamily of efflux pumps in drug resistance, and focuses on the mutation in the transcriptional regulator that can lead to resistance of antibiotics.

TL;DR: Targeted control strategies are needed to prevent new tuberculosis infections in this setting, where patients who were male, age 30-59, retreatment cases, had cavitation, diabetes, drug-resistant or multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in their initial episode of tuberculosis, were at high risk for a recurrence.

TL;DR: The preliminary data suggest that unstimulated or stimulated levels of cytokines and chemokines could be used as host biomarkers for diagnosing active TB as well as additional biomarkers, except IFN-γ, for MTB infection.

TL;DR: General considerations for a risk-targeted test-and-treat strategy based on a highly specific transcriptomic biomarker that can identify individuals who are most likely to progress to active TB disease as well as individuals with TB disease who have not yet presented for medical care are discussed.

TL;DR: It is hypothesized that cholesterol is not only involved in Mtb dormancy but that it also plays a critical role for favorable and almost immediate reactivation from an in vitro long-lasting dormant state induced by hypoxia.

TL;DR: It is reported that sclerotiorin had moderately strong PknG inhibitory activity, but no cytotoxicity, and it could substantially decrease the mycobacterial growth inside macrophages, suggesting that sclerosis has potential to supplement antibiotic therapy for TB.

TL;DR: The importance of identifying mixed infection for diagnosis as well as treatment is evaluated and the accuracy and clinical utility of direct genotyping of clinical specimens are highlighted.

TL;DR: Increased levels of Rv2688 and drrB efflux pump gene expression observed in XDR strains even in the absence of antibiotics suggests that these clinical isolates may be more refractory to treatment.

TL;DR: The method had been successfully applied to simultaneous determination of four first-line Anti-tuberculosis drugs in plasma from tuberculosis patients and accuracy and precision were within ±15.0% and less than 15%.

TL;DR: The expression level of lncRNAs and the two validated lnc RNAs in plasma could be the potential molecular biomarkers for the rapid diagnosis of Tuberculosis.

TL;DR: A knockdown (KD) Mtb-Ra strain was developed by down-regulating GlcB and suggested increased susceptibility to oxidative and nitrosative stress as well as to rifampicin, and KD showed reduced biofilm maturation, failed to enter persistent state, and showed reduced growth inside macrophages.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that minipigs are experimental hosts of Mtb HN878, and the pathology developed in their lungs resembles pathological findings described in human TB, and within communities of MtB infected minipig natural transmission occurs.

TL;DR: The experimental inhibition of Mttopo I by small molecule inhibitors is demonstrated and it is shown that the enzyme can be readily targeted for lead molecule development.

TL;DR: A diet induced murine model of T2D (DIMT2D) was developed and characterized in the context of metabolic, biochemical and histopathological features following diet intervention to further investigate different facets of host-pathogen interactions in TB-T1D.

TL;DR: The potential application of profiling using multiple chemokines for differentiating among the various M. tuberculosis infection possibilities is demonstrated and evidence to support the EC phenomenon based on the decrease of CCL2 levels is presented.

TL;DR: The HRM analysis can play a promising role in the reliable and rapid screening of EPTB samples for detection of MDR, and to compare the performance of different gene targets.

TL;DR: It is suggested that anti-TB B cell response in the lung has clear pathological and doubtful protective role and almost no specificity to mycobacteria.

TL;DR: The present study investigated the active binding site of INH but also provides a new insight about the conformational changes in thebinding site of S315T-MtKatG, which revealed that extra methyl group at 315 position altered heme cavity, enforcing heme group distantly from INH, and thus preventing INH activation.