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A strategy for modulation of enzymes in the ubiquitin system.

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TLDR
This work used massively diverse combinatorial libraries of ubiquitin variants to develop inhibitors of four deubiquitinases (DUBs) and analyzed the DUB-inhibitor complexes with crystallography to report a method to target the myriad enzymes that govern ubiquitination of protein substrates.
Abstract
The ubiquitin system regulates virtually all aspects of cellular function. We report a method to target the myriad enzymes that govern ubiquitination of protein substrates. We used massively diverse combinatorial libraries of ubiquitin variants to develop inhibitors of four deubiquitinases (DUBs) and analyzed the DUB-inhibitor complexes with crystallography. We extended the selection strategy to the ubiquitin conjugating (E2) and ubiquitin ligase (E3) enzymes and found that ubiquitin variants can also enhance enzyme activity. Last, we showed that ubiquitin variants can bind selectively to ubiquitin-binding domains. Ubiquitin variants exhibit selective function in cells and thus enable orthogonal modulation of specific enzymatic steps in the ubiquitin system.

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TL;DR: Current progress in structure-function studies of ubiquitin ligases as well as exciting new discoveries of novel classes of E3s and diverse substrate recognition mechanisms are summarized.
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Sailfish enables alignment-free isoform quantification from RNA-seq reads using lightweight algorithms

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Drugging the undruggables: exploring the ubiquitin system for drug development.

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References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Structural basis and specificity of human otubain 1-mediated deubiquitination

TL;DR: Analysis of cellular interaction partners of OTUB1 by co-immunoprecipitation and MS/MS (tandem mass spectrometry) experiments demonstrated that FUS and RACK1 are part ofOTUB1-containing complexes, pointing towards a molecular function of this deubiquitinating enzyme in RNA processing and cell adhesion/morphology.
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Essential Role of Ubiquitin-Specific Protease 8 for Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Stability and Endocytic Trafficking In Vivo

TL;DR: It is shown that lack of UBPy results in embryonic lethality, whereas its conditional inactivation in adults causes fatal liver failure, unveiling a central and nonredundant role in growth regulation, endosomal sorting, and the control of RTKs in vivo.
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Targeting the ubiquitin-proteasome system for cancer therapy

TL;DR: It is conceivable that ‘druggable’ inhibitors of the ubiquitin system will be able to be used to evaluate their effects in animal tumor models in the not‐so‐distant future.
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Itch: a HECT-type E3 ligase regulating immunity, skin and cancer.

TL;DR: This review aims to bring together a growing body of work exploring Itch-regulated biological processes, and to highlight recent discoveries on the regulatory mechanisms modulating its catalytic activity and substrate recognition capability.
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