Journal ArticleDOI
A universal trend of amino acid gain and loss in protein evolution
I. King Jordan,Fyodor A. Kondrashov,Ivan Adzhubei,Yuri I. Wolf,Eugena V. Koonin,Alexey S. Kondrashov,Shasnil Sunyaev +6 more
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TLDR
Comparison of sets of orthologous proteins encoded by triplets of closely related genomes from 15 taxa representing all three domains of life and phylogenies to polarize amino acid substitutions shows expansion of initially under-represented amino acids apparently continues to this day.Abstract:
A comparison of corresponding sets of proteins encoded by closely related genes from organisms representing all three domains of life (Bacteria, Archaea and Eukaryota) suggests that the order in which the genetic code was assembled over 3.5 billion years ago continues to influence the evolution of proteins today. Across these diverse genomes, evolving proteins have accumulated Cys, Met, His, Ser and Phe, and lost many of their Pro, Ala, Glu and Gly residues. The same nine amino acids are currently accrued or lost in human proteins as shown by analysis of nucleotide polymorphisms. The amino acids with declining frequencies were probably among the first incorporated into the genetic code, and most of those with increasing frequencies were probably recruited late. Amino acid composition of proteins varies substantially between taxa and, thus, can evolve. For example, proteins from organisms with (G + C)-rich (or (A + T)-rich) genomes contain more (or fewer) amino acids encoded by (G + C)-rich codons1,2,3,4. However, no universal trends in ongoing changes of amino acid frequencies have been reported. We compared sets of orthologous proteins encoded by triplets of closely related genomes from 15 taxa representing all three domains of life (Bacteria, Archaea and Eukaryota), and used phylogenies to polarize amino acid substitutions. Cys, Met, His, Ser and Phe accrue in at least 14 taxa, whereas Pro, Ala, Glu and Gly are consistently lost. The same nine amino acids are currently accrued or lost in human proteins, as shown by analysis of non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms. All amino acids with declining frequencies are thought to be among the first incorporated into the genetic code; conversely, all amino acids with increasing frequencies, except Ser, were probably recruited late5,6,7. Thus, expansion of initially under-represented amino acids, which began over 3,400 million years ago8,9, apparently continues to this day.read more
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The changing faces of glutathione, a cellular protagonist
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Protein Ionizable Groups: pK Values and Their Contribution to Protein Stability and Solubility
TL;DR: In this article, the pK values of the ionizable groups in proteins and their relationship with their environment are discussed. And the important contributions they make to protein stability and solubility.
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Polymer scaling laws of unfolded and intrinsically disordered proteins quantified with single-molecule spectroscopy
TL;DR: Sequence analyses based on the results imply that foldable sequences with more compact unfolded states are a more recent result of protein evolution.
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Synonymous Codon Usage in Escherichia coli: Selection for Translational Accuracy
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Potential role of glutathione in evolution of thiol-based redox signaling sites in proteins.
Kaavya A Mohanasundaram,Naomi L. Haworth,Mani P Grover,Tamsyn M. Crowley,Andrzej Goscinski,Merridee A. Wouters +5 more
TL;DR: A redox-active disulfide may be introduced into a protein structure by stepwise mutation of two residues in the native sequence to Cys, which is likely to be the cysteine of the CSD which undergoes nucleophilic attack by thioredoxin.
References
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Adaptive protein evolution at the Adh locus in Drosophila
John H. McDonald,Martin Kreitman +1 more
TL;DR: A simple statistical test of the neutral protein evolution hypothesis is proposed based on a comparison of the number of amino-acid replacement substitutions to synonymous substitutions in the coding region of a locus, finding that there are more fixed replacement differences between species than expected.
Journal ArticleDOI
Genome sequence of the Brown Norway rat yields insights into mammalian evolution
Richard A. Gibbs,George M. Weinstock,Michael L. Metzker,Donna M. Muzny,Erica Sodergren,Steven E. Scherer,Graham R. Scott,David Steffen,Kim C. Worley,Paula E. Burch,Geoffrey Okwuonu,Sandra Hines,Lora Lewis,Christine Deramo,Oliver Delgado,Shannon Dugan-Rocha,George Miner,Margaret Morgan,Alicia Hawes,Rachel Gill,Robert A. Holt,Robert A. Holt,Mark Raymond Adams,Mark Raymond Adams,Peter G. Amanatides,Peter G. Amanatides,Holly Baden-Tillson,Holly Baden-Tillson,Mary Barnstead,Soo H. Chin,Cheryl A. Evans,Steve Ferriera,Steve Ferriera,Carl Fosler,A. Glodek,Zhiping Gu,Don Jennings,Cheryl L. Kraft,Cheryl L. Kraft,Trixie Nguyen,Cynthia Pfannkoch,Cynthia Pfannkoch,Cynthia Sitter,Granger G. Sutton,J. Craig Venter,J. Craig Venter,Trevor Woodage,Douglas Smith,Hong Mei Lee,Erik Gustafson,Patrick Cahill,Arnold Kana,Lynn Doucette-Stamm,Keith Weinstock,Kim Fechtel,Robert B. Weiss,Diane M. Dunn,Eric D. Green,Robert W. Blakesley,Gerard G. Bouffard,Pieter J. de Jong,Kazutoyo Osoegawa,Baoli Zhu,Marco A. Marra,Jacqueline E. Schein,Ian Bosdet,Chris Fjell,Steven J.M. Jones,Martin Krzywinski,Carrie Mathewson,Asim Sarosh Siddiqui,Natasja Wye,John Douglas Mcpherson,John Douglas Mcpherson,Shaying Zhao,Claire M. Fraser,Jyoti Shetty,Sofiya Shatsman,Keita Geer,Yixin Chen,Sofyia Abramzon,William C. Nierman,Paul Havlak,Rui Chen,K. James Durbin,Amy Egan,Yanru Ren,Xing Zhi Song,Bingshan Li,Yue Liu,Xiang Qin,Simon Cawley,Austin J. Cooney,Lisa M. D'Souza,Kirt Martin,Jia Qian Wu,Manuel L. Gonzalez-Garay,Andrew R. Jackson,Kenneth J. Kalafus,Michael P. McLeod,Aleksandar Milosavljevic,Davinder Virk,Andrei Volkov,David A. Wheeler,Zhengdong D. Zhang,Jeffrey A. Bailey,Evan E. Eichler,Eray Tüzün,Ewan Birney,Emmanuel Mongin,Abel Ureta-Vidal,Cara Woodwark,Evgeny M. Zdobnov,Peer Bork,Mikita Suyama,David Torrents,Marina Alexandersson,Barbara J. Trask,Janet M. Young,Hui Huang,Huajun Wang,Heming Xing,Sue Daniels,Darryl Gietzen,Jeanette Schmidt,Kristian Stevens,Ursula Vitt,Jim Wingrove,Francisco Camara,M. Mar Albà,Josep F. Abril,Roderic Guigó,Arian F.A. Smit,Inna Dubchak,Inna Dubchak,Edward M. Rubin,Edward M. Rubin,Olivier Couronne,Olivier Couronne,Alexander Poliakov,Norbert Hubner,Detlev Ganten,Claudia Goesele,Claudia Goesele,Oliver Hummel,Oliver Hummel,Thomas Kreitler,Thomas Kreitler,Young-Ae Lee,Jan Monti,Herbert Schulz,Heike Zimdahl,Heinz Himmelbauer,Hans Lehrach,Howard J. Jacob,Susan Bromberg,Jo Gullings-Handley,Michael I. Jensen-Seaman,Anne E. Kwitek,Jozef Lazar,Dean Pasko,Peter J. Tonellato,Simon N. Twigger,Chris P. Ponting,Jose M. Duarte,Stephen Rice,Leo Goodstadt,Scott A. Beatson,Richard D. Emes,Eitan E. Winter,Caleb Webber,Petra Brandt,Gerald Nyakatura,Margaret Adetobi,Francesca Chiaromonte,Laura Elnitski,Pallavi Eswara,Ross C. Hardison,Minmei Hou,Diana L. Kolbe,Kateryna D. Makova,Webb Miller,Anton Nekrutenko,Cathy Riemer,Scott Schwartz,James Taylor,Shan Yang,Yi Zhang,Klaus Lindpaintner,T. Dan Andrews,Mario Caccamo,Michele Clamp,Laura Clarke,Valerie Curwen,Richard Durbin,Eduardo Eyras,Stephen M. J. Searle,Gregory M. Cooper,Serafim Batzoglou,Michael Brudno,Arend Sidow,Eric A. Stone,Bret A. Payseur,Guillaume Bourque,Carlos López-Otín,Xose S. Puente,Kushal Chakrabarti,Sourav Chatterji,Colin N. Dewey,Lior Pachter,Nicolas Bray,Von Bing Yap,Anat Caspi,San Diego Glenn Tesler,Pavel A. Pevzner,Santa Cruz David Haussler,Krishna M. Roskin,Robert Baertsch,Hiram Clawson,Terrence S. Furey,Angie S. Hinrichs,Donna Karolchik,W. J. Kent,Kate R. Rosenbloom,Heather Trumbower,Matt Weirauch,Matt Weirauch,David Neil Cooper,Peter D. Stenson,Bin Ma,Michael R. Brent,Manimozhiyan Arumugam,David Shteynberg,Richard R. Copley,Martin S. Taylor,Harold Riethman,Uma Mudunuri,Jane Peterson,Mark S. Guyer,Adam Felsenfeld,Susan Old,Stephen C. Mockrin,Francis S. Collins +242 more
TL;DR: This first comprehensive analysis of the genome sequence of the Brown Norway (BN) rat strain is reported, which is the third complete mammalian genome to be deciphered, and three-way comparisons with the human and mouse genomes resolve details of mammalian evolution.
Genome sequence of the Brown Norway rat yields insights into mammalian evolutionRat Genome Sequencing Project ConsortiumNature200442849352115057822
Richard A. Gibbs,George M. Weinstock,Michael L. Metzker,Donna M. Muzny,Erica Sodergren,Steven E. Scherer,Graham R. Scott,David Steffen,Kim C. Worley,Paula E. Burch,Geoffrey Okwuonu,Sandra Hines,Lora Lewis,C. DeRamo,Oliver Delgado,S. Dugan Rocha,George Miner,Margaret Morgan,Alicia Hawes,Rachel Gill,Robert A. Holt,Mark Raymond Adams,Peter G. Amanatides,H. Baden Tillson,Mary Barnstead,Soo H. Chin,Cheryl A. Evans,Steve Ferriera,Carl Fosler,A. Glodek,Gu Zp,D. Jennings,Cheryl L. Kraft,T. Nguyen,Cynthia Pfannkoch,Cynthia Sitter,Granger G. Sutton,J. C. Venter,Trevor Woodage,Douglas Smith,H. M. Lee,Erik Gustafson,Patrick Cahill,A. Kana,L. Doucette Stamm,Keith Weinstock,Kim Fechtel,Robert B. Weiss,Diane M. Dunn,Eric D. Green,Robert W. Blakesley,Gerard G. Bouffard,P. J. De Jong,Kazutoyo Osoegawa,Zhu Bl,Marco A. Marra,Jacqueline E. Schein,Ian Bosdet,Chris Fjell,Steven J.M. Jones,Martin Krzywinski,Carrie Mathewson,Asim Sarosh Siddiqui,Natasja Wye,John Douglas Mcpherson,Zhao Sy,Claire M. Fraser,Jyoti Shetty,Sofiya Shatsman,Keita Geer,Chen Yx,S. Abramzon,William C. Nierman,Paul Havlak,Rui Chen,K. J. Durbin,Amy Egan,Ren Yr,Xing Zhi Song,Li Bs,Yue Liu,Xiang Qin,Simon Cawley,Austin J. Cooney,Lisa M. D'Souza,Kirt Martin,Jia Qian Wu,M. L. Gonzalez Garay,Andrew R. Jackson,K. J. Kalafus,Michael P. McLeod,Aleksandar Milosavljevic,D. Virk,A. Volkov,David A. Wheeler,Zhang Zd,Jeffrey A. Bailey,Evan E. Eichler,Eray Tüzün,Ewan Birney,Emmanuel Mongin,A. Ureta Vidal,C. Woodwark,Evgeny M. Zdobnov,Peer Bork,Mikita Suyama,David Torrents,Marina Alexandersson,Barbara J. Trask,Janet M. Young,Hui Huang,Wang Hj,Xing Hm,Sue Daniels,Darryl Gietzen,Jeanette Schmidt,K. Stevens,Ursula Vitt,Jim Wingrove,Francisco Camara,M. Mar Albà,Josep F. Abril,Roderic Guigó,Arian F.A. Smit,Inna Dubchak,Edward M. Rubin,Olivier Couronne,Alexander Poliakov,Norbert Hubner,Detlev Ganten,C. Goesele,Oliver Hummel,Thomas Kreitler,Young-Ae Lee,Jan Monti,Herbert Schulz,Heike Zimdahl,Heinz Himmelbauer,Hans Lehrach,Howard J. Jacob,Susan Bromberg,J. Gullings Handley,M. I. Jensen Seaman,Anne E. Kwitek,Jozef Lazar,Dean Pasko,Peter J. Tonellato,Simon N. Twigger,Chris P. Ponting,Jose M. Duarte,Stephen Rice,Leo Goodstadt,Scott A. Beatson,Richard D. Emes,Eitan E. Winter,Caleb Webber,Petra Brandt,Gerald Nyakatura,M. Adetobi,Francesca Chiaromonte,Laura Elnitski,Pallavi Eswara,Ross C. Hardison,Hou Mm,Diana L. Kolbe,Kateryna D. Makova,Webb Miller,Anton Nekrutenko,Cathy Riemer,Scott Schwartz,James Taylor,Shan Yang,Yi Zhang,Klaus Lindpaintner,T. D. Andrews,Mario Caccamo,Michele Clamp,Laura Clarke,V. Curwen,Richard Durbin,Eduardo Eyras,Stephen M. J. Searle,Gregory M. Cooper,Serafim Batzoglou,Michael Brudno,Arend Sidow,Eric A. Stone,Bret A. Payseur,Guillaume Bourque,C. Lopez Otin,Xose S. Puente,Kushal Chakrabarti,Sourav Chatterji,Colin N. Dewey,Lior Pachter,Nicolas Bray,Von Bing Yap,Anat Caspi,G. Tesler,Pavel A. Pevzner,David Haussler,Krishna M. Roskin,Robert Baertsch,Hiram Clawson,Terrence S. Furey,Angie S. Hinrichs,Donna Karolchik,W. J. Kent,Kate R. Rosenbloom,Heather Trumbower,M. Weirauch,David Neil Cooper,Peter D. Stenson,Bin Ma,Michael R. Brent,Manimozhiyan Arumugam,David Shteynberg,Richard R. Copley,Martin S. Taylor,Harold Riethman,Uma Mudunuri,Jane Peterson,Mark S. Guyer,Adam Felsenfeld,Susan Old,Stephen C. Mockrin,Francis S. Collins +226 more
Abstract: The laboratory rat (Rattus norvegicus) is an indispensable tool in experimental medicine and drug development, having made inestimable contributions to human health. We report here the genome sequence of the Brown Norway (BN) rat strain. The sequence represents a high-quality ‘draft’ covering over 90% of the genome. The BN rat sequence is the third complete mammalian genome to be deciphered, and three-way comparisons with the human and mouse genomes resolve details of mammalian evolution. This first comprehensive analysis includes genes and proteins and their relation to human disease, repeated sequences, comparative genome-wide studies of mammalian orthologous chromosomal regions and rearrangement breakpoints, reconstruction of ancestral karyotypes and the events leading to existing species, rates of variation, and lineage-specific and lineage-independent evolutionary events such as expansion of gene families, orthology relations and protein evolution.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sequencing and comparison of yeast species to identify genes and regulatory elements
TL;DR: A comparative analysis of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae based on high-quality draft sequences of three related species, which inferred a putative function for most of these motifs, and provided insights into their combinatorial interactions.
Journal ArticleDOI
New Agrobacterium helper plasmids for gene transfer to plants
TL;DR: The construction of new helper Ti plasmids for Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation using T-DNA regions deleted using site-directed mutagenesis to yield replicons carrying thevir genes that will complement binary vectorsin trans.