Alternatives to animal testing: current status and future perspectives
Manfred Liebsch,Barbara Grune,Andrea Seiler,Daniel Butzke,Michael Oelgeschläger,Ralph Pirow,Sarah Adler,Christian Riebeling,Andreas Luch +8 more
TLDR
An overview of the achievements and current tasks, as well as a vision of the future to be addressed by ZEBET@BfR in the years to come is outlined in the present paper.Abstract:
On the occasion of the 20th anniversary of the Center for Alternative Methods to Animal Experiments (ZEBET), an international symposium was held at the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) in Berlin. At the same time, this symposium was meant to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the publication of the book “The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique” by Russell and Burch in 1959 in which the 3Rs principle (that is, Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement) has been coined and introduced to foster the development of alternative methods to animal testing. Another topic addressed by the symposium was the new vision on “Toxicology in the twenty-first Century”, as proposed by the US-National Research Council, which aims at using human cells and tissues for toxicity testing in vitro rather than live animals. An overview of the achievements and current tasks, as well as a vision of the future to be addressed by ZEBET@BfR in the years to come is outlined in the present paper.read more
Citations
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A roadmap for the development of alternative (non-animal) methods for systemic toxicity testing.
David A. Basketter,Harvey J. Clewell,Ian Kimber,Annamaria Rossi,Bas J. Blaauboer,Robert Burrier,Mardas Daneshian,Chantra Eskes,Alan M. Goldberg,Nina Hasiwa,Sebastian Hoffmann,Joanna Jaworska,Thomas B. Knudsen,Robert Landsiedel,Marcel Leist,Paul A. Locke,Gavin Maxwell,James M. McKim,Emily A. McVey,Gladys Ouedraogo,Grace Patlewicz,Olavi Pelkonen,Erwin Ludo Roggen,Costanza Rovida,Irmela Ruhdel,Michael Schwarz,Andreas Schepky,Greet Schoeters,Nigel Skinner,Kerstin Trentz,Marian Turner,Philippe Vanparys,James D. Yager,Joanne Zurlo,Thomas Hartung +34 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a roadmap for how to overcome the acknowledged scientific gaps for the full replacement of systemic toxicity testing using animals, which is a major concern for the current state of the art.
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3D Cell Printing of Perfusable Vascularized Human Skin Equivalent Composed of Epidermis, Dermis, and Hypodermis for Better Structural Recapitulation of Native Skin.
TL;DR: Findings reveal that the full‐thickness skin has more similarities to the native human skin compared with the dermal and epidermal skin model, indicating that it better reflects the actual complexity of native humanSkin anatomy is increased using 3D cell printing.
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Utility of models of the gastrointestinal tract for assessment of the digestion and absorption of engineered nanomaterials released from food matrices
David E. Lefebvre,Koen Venema,Lourdes Gombau,Luis G. Valerio,Jayadev Raju,Genevieve S. Bondy,Hans Bouwmeester,R. Paul Singh,Amy J. Clippinger,Eva Maria Collnot,Rekha Mehta,Vicki Stone +11 more
TL;DR: A working group was tasked by the International Life Sciences Institute NanoRelease Food Additive project to review existing models of the gastrointestinal tract in health and disease, and the utility of these models for the assessment of the uptake of NMs intended for food.
References
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Book
The principles of humane experimental technique
W. M. S. Russell,R. L. Burch +1 more
TL;DR: The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique as mentioned in this paper, by W. M. S. Russell and R. L. Burch, 1959, London: Methuen & Co. Limited.
Journal ArticleDOI
The third dimension bridges the gap between cell culture and live tissue
TL;DR: It is believed that 3D cultures will have a strong impact on drug screening and will also decrease the use of laboratory animals, for example, in the context of toxicity assays.
Journal ArticleDOI
Stress-induced immune dysfunction: implications for health.
TL;DR: PNI researchers have used animal and human models to learn how the immune system communicates bidirectionally with the central nervous and endocrine systems and how these interactions impact on health.
Journal ArticleDOI
Toxicity testing in the 21st century: a vision and a strategy
Daniel Krewski,Daniel Acosta,Melvin E. Andersen,Henry A. Anderson,John C. Bailar,Kim Boekelheide,Robert L. Brent,Gail Charnley,Vivian G. Cheung,Sidney Green,Karl T. Kelsey,Nancy I. Kerkvliet,Abby A. Li,Lawrence E. McCray,Otto A. Meyer,Reid D. Patterson,William D. Pennie,Robert A. Scala,Gina Solomon,Martin L. Stephens,James D. Yager,Lauren Zeise +21 more
TL;DR: Implementation of a new toxicity testing paradigm firmly based on human biology by transitioning from current expensive and lengthy in vivo testing with qualitative endpoints to in vitro toxicity pathway assays on human cells or cell lines using robotic high-throughput screening with mechanistic quantitative parameters.
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