AMPK in skeletal muscle function and metabolism.
Rasmus Kjøbsted,Janne R. Hingst,Joachim Fentz,Marc Foretz,Marc Foretz,Marc Foretz,Maria Nieves Sanz,Christian Pehmøller,Michael Shum,André Marette,Rémi Mounier,Jonas T. Treebak,Jørgen F. P. Wojtaszewski,Benoit Viollet,Benoit Viollet,Benoit Viollet,Louise Lantier +16 more
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TLDR
The role of AMPK in skeletal muscle during exercise and in exercise recovery is focused on and adaptations to exercise training, including skeletal muscle plasticity, are addressed, highlighting novel concepts and future perspectives that need to be investigated.Abstract:
Skeletal muscle possesses a remarkable ability to adapt to various physiologic conditions. AMPK is a sensor of intracellular energy status that maintains energy stores by fine-tuning anabolic and catabolic pathways. AMPK's role as an energy sensor is particularly critical in tissues displaying highly changeable energy turnover. Due to the drastic changes in energy demand that occur between the resting and exercising state, skeletal muscle is one such tissue. Here, we review the complex regulation of AMPK in skeletal muscle and its consequences on metabolism ( e.g., substrate uptake, oxidation, and storage as well as mitochondrial function of skeletal muscle fibers). We focus on the role of AMPK in skeletal muscle during exercise and in exercise recovery. We also address adaptations to exercise training, including skeletal muscle plasticity, highlighting novel concepts and future perspectives that need to be investigated. Furthermore, we discuss the possible role of AMPK as a therapeutic target as well as different AMPK activators and their potential for future drug development.-Kjobsted, R., Hingst, J. R., Fentz, J., Foretz, M., Sanz, M.-N., Pehmoller, C., Shum, M., Marette, A., Mounier, R., Treebak, J. T., Wojtaszewski, J. F. P., Viollet, B., Lantier, L. AMPK in skeletal muscle function and metabolism.read more
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References
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TL;DR: The protein kinase complement of the human genome is catalogued using public and proprietary genomic, complementary DNA, and expressed sequence tag sequences to provide a starting point for comprehensive analysis of protein phosphorylation in normal and disease states and a detailed view of the current state of human genome analysis through a focus on one large gene family.
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AMPK and mTOR regulate autophagy through direct phosphorylation of Ulk1
TL;DR: A molecular mechanism for regulation of the mammalian autophagy-initiating kinase Ulk1, a homologue of yeast ATG1, is demonstrated and a signalling mechanism for UlK1 regulation and autophagic induction in response to nutrient signalling is revealed.
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TSC2 mediates cellular energy response to control cell growth and survival.
TL;DR: It is described that TSC2 is regulated by cellular energy levels and plays an essential role in the cellular energy response pathway and its phosphorylation by AMPK protect cells from energy deprivation-induced apoptosis.
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AMPK: a nutrient and energy sensor that maintains energy homeostasis
TL;DR: AMP-activated protein kinase conserves ATP levels through the regulation of processes other than metabolism, such as the cell cycle and neuronal membrane excitability.
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AMPK phosphorylation of raptor mediates a metabolic checkpoint.
Dana M. Gwinn,David B. Shackelford,Daniel F. Egan,Maria M. Mihaylova,Annabelle Mery,Debbie S. Vasquez,Benjamin E. Turk,Reuben J. Shaw +7 more
TL;DR: AMPK directly phosphorylates the mTOR binding partner raptor on two well-conserved serine residues, and this phosphorylation induces 14-3-3 binding to raptor, uncovering a conserved effector of AMPK that mediates its role as a metabolic checkpoint coordinating cell growth with energy status.