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An Overview of Innovation

Stephen J. Kline, +1 more
- 01 Jan 2009 - 
- pp 173-203
TLDR
The process of innovation must be viewed as a series of changes in a complete system not only of hardware, but also of market environment, production facilities and knowledge, and the social contexts of the innovation organization as discussed by the authors.
Abstract
Models that depict innovation as a smooth, well-behaved linear process badly misspecify the nature and direction of the causal factors at work. Innovation is complex, uncertain, somewhat disorderly, and subject to changes of many sorts. Innovation is also difficult to measure and demands close coordination of adequate technical knowledge and excellent market judgment in order to satisfy economic, technological, and other types of constraints—all simultaneously. The process of innovation must be viewed as a series of changes in a complete system not only of hardware, but also of market environment, production facilities and knowledge, and the social contexts of the innovation organization.

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Citations
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The financial crisis and Greek R&D policy from a Schumpeterian perspective

TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that periods of crisis are not suitable for major reforms of R&D systems, even though they may seem to provide political opportunities for reform, since they can undermine the trust between the government and the research community, generating important barriers to reform.
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Recent Trends of Regional Development in China – Technological Portfolios and Economic Growth

TL;DR: This paper analyzed recent patterns and trends of technological development in Chinese provinces and found that the internal structure of technological activities might play a lesser role for economic development than in established market economies while their external embeddedness could be more important.
Posted Content

The effects of national and international interaction on innovation: evidence from the Irish CIS: 2004-6

TL;DR: In this paper, the importance of decisions to interact nationally and internationally on the likelihood of process and product innovation for a sample of Irish firms was analyzed, and it was found that only national and only international interaction had the expected positive effects on the probability of innovation, while engaging in both national and international interaction has no effect.
Journal ArticleDOI

Innovation for What? Unpacking the Role of Innovation for Weak and Strong Sustainability

TL;DR: In this article, the purposes of innovation and its role in sustainable development are discussed and the differences between adopting weak or strong sustainability as the final goal in terms of the innovation and innovation systems are discussed.
OtherDOI

Moving towards innovation through withdrawal: the neglect of destruction

TL;DR: In this paper, a case study on the withdrawal of tilling in agriculture is used to propose an alternative way of thinking about innovation, one whereby withdrawal is not an evidence phenomenon but a complex process, engaging strategic thinking and controversies, as well as creativity, invention and innovation.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

National Innovation Systems: Analytical Concept and Development Tool

TL;DR: In this article, a core of the innovation system is defined and it is illustrated that it is necessary both to understand micro-behaviour in the core and understand the wider setting within which the core operates.
Posted Content

Leveraging External Sources of Innovation: A Review of Research on Open Innovation

TL;DR: In this paper, an analysis of prior research on how firms leverage external sources of innovation is presented, which suggests a four-phase model in which a linear process of obtaining, integrating, integrating and commercializing external innovations is combined with interaction between the firm and its collaborators.
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University–industry relationships and open innovation: Towards a research agenda

TL;DR: In this paper, the diffusion and characteristics of collaborative relationships between universities and industry are explored, and a research agenda informed by an open innovation perspective is developed. But the authors focus on the effects of university-industry links on innovation-specific variables, such as patents or firm innovativeness, and the dynamics of these relationships remain under-researched.
Journal ArticleDOI

'Mode 3' and 'Quadruple Helix': toward a 21st century fractal innovation ecosystem

TL;DR: The 'Quadruple Helix' emphasises the importance of also integrating the perspective of the media-based and culture-based public, and results is an emerging fractal knowledge and innovation ecosystem, well-configured for the knowledge economy and society.
Journal ArticleDOI

The importance of diverse collaborative networks for the novelty of product innovation

TL;DR: In this article, the role of different types of collaborative networks in achieving product innovations and their degree of novelty was theoretically and empirically analyzed, using data from a longitudinal sample of Spanish manufacturing firms.
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