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An Overview of Innovation

Stephen J. Kline, +1 more
- 01 Jan 2009 - 
- pp 173-203
TLDR
The process of innovation must be viewed as a series of changes in a complete system not only of hardware, but also of market environment, production facilities and knowledge, and the social contexts of the innovation organization as discussed by the authors.
Abstract
Models that depict innovation as a smooth, well-behaved linear process badly misspecify the nature and direction of the causal factors at work. Innovation is complex, uncertain, somewhat disorderly, and subject to changes of many sorts. Innovation is also difficult to measure and demands close coordination of adequate technical knowledge and excellent market judgment in order to satisfy economic, technological, and other types of constraints—all simultaneously. The process of innovation must be viewed as a series of changes in a complete system not only of hardware, but also of market environment, production facilities and knowledge, and the social contexts of the innovation organization.

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI

Forms of knowledge and modes of innovation

TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared two modes of innovation, Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) and Doing, Using and Interacting (DUI), and found that firms combining the two modes are more likely to innovate new products or services than those relying primarily on one mode or the other.
Journal ArticleDOI

National Innovation Systems: Analytical Concept and Development Tool

TL;DR: In this article, a core of the innovation system is defined and it is illustrated that it is necessary both to understand micro-behaviour in the core and understand the wider setting within which the core operates.
Posted Content

Leveraging External Sources of Innovation: A Review of Research on Open Innovation

TL;DR: In this paper, an analysis of prior research on how firms leverage external sources of innovation is presented, which suggests a four-phase model in which a linear process of obtaining, integrating, integrating and commercializing external innovations is combined with interaction between the firm and its collaborators.
Journal ArticleDOI

University–industry relationships and open innovation: Towards a research agenda

TL;DR: In this paper, the diffusion and characteristics of collaborative relationships between universities and industry are explored, and a research agenda informed by an open innovation perspective is developed. But the authors focus on the effects of university-industry links on innovation-specific variables, such as patents or firm innovativeness, and the dynamics of these relationships remain under-researched.
Journal ArticleDOI

'Mode 3' and 'Quadruple Helix': toward a 21st century fractal innovation ecosystem

TL;DR: The 'Quadruple Helix' emphasises the importance of also integrating the perspective of the media-based and culture-based public, and results is an emerging fractal knowledge and innovation ecosystem, well-configured for the knowledge economy and society.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Ideas, innovations, and networks: a new policy model based on the evolution of knowledge

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors use the idea innovation network theory as a framework for assessing sectoral innovation patterns and identify six types, or "arenas, of research that are linked to innovation within these networks.
Journal ArticleDOI

A service innovation evaluation framework for tourism e-commerce in China based on BP neural network

TL;DR: The back propagation (BP) neural network model can mirror the development situation of tourism e-commerce and provide an effective evaluation framework for the tourism E-commerce service innovation performance in China.

Local knowledge spillovers in high-tech clusters in developing countries : the case of the Uruguayan software cluster

Effie Kesidou
TL;DR: A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review as mentioned in this paper, while a published version is the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
Dissertation

On the governance of regional innovation systems. Case studies from four city-regions within the German federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia: Aachen, Dortmund, Duisburg and Düsseldorf

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the governance of regional innovation systems and identified factors influencing the systemicness of business and innovation support, particularly within the triple helix of university-industry-government relations.
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