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An Overview of Innovation

Stephen J. Kline, +1 more
- 01 Jan 2009 - 
- pp 173-203
TLDR
The process of innovation must be viewed as a series of changes in a complete system not only of hardware, but also of market environment, production facilities and knowledge, and the social contexts of the innovation organization as discussed by the authors.
Abstract
Models that depict innovation as a smooth, well-behaved linear process badly misspecify the nature and direction of the causal factors at work. Innovation is complex, uncertain, somewhat disorderly, and subject to changes of many sorts. Innovation is also difficult to measure and demands close coordination of adequate technical knowledge and excellent market judgment in order to satisfy economic, technological, and other types of constraints—all simultaneously. The process of innovation must be viewed as a series of changes in a complete system not only of hardware, but also of market environment, production facilities and knowledge, and the social contexts of the innovation organization.

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI

Forms of knowledge and modes of innovation

TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared two modes of innovation, Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) and Doing, Using and Interacting (DUI), and found that firms combining the two modes are more likely to innovate new products or services than those relying primarily on one mode or the other.
Journal ArticleDOI

National Innovation Systems: Analytical Concept and Development Tool

TL;DR: In this article, a core of the innovation system is defined and it is illustrated that it is necessary both to understand micro-behaviour in the core and understand the wider setting within which the core operates.
Posted Content

Leveraging External Sources of Innovation: A Review of Research on Open Innovation

TL;DR: In this paper, an analysis of prior research on how firms leverage external sources of innovation is presented, which suggests a four-phase model in which a linear process of obtaining, integrating, integrating and commercializing external innovations is combined with interaction between the firm and its collaborators.
Journal ArticleDOI

University–industry relationships and open innovation: Towards a research agenda

TL;DR: In this paper, the diffusion and characteristics of collaborative relationships between universities and industry are explored, and a research agenda informed by an open innovation perspective is developed. But the authors focus on the effects of university-industry links on innovation-specific variables, such as patents or firm innovativeness, and the dynamics of these relationships remain under-researched.
Journal ArticleDOI

'Mode 3' and 'Quadruple Helix': toward a 21st century fractal innovation ecosystem

TL;DR: The 'Quadruple Helix' emphasises the importance of also integrating the perspective of the media-based and culture-based public, and results is an emerging fractal knowledge and innovation ecosystem, well-configured for the knowledge economy and society.
References
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Traveling into unexplored territory: Radical innovativeness and the role of networking, customers, and technologically turbulent environments

TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that networking increases a firm's radical innovativeness, and that this link is moderated by technological turbulence and the firm's responsiveness towards customer needs.
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Barriers to innovation faced by manufacturing firms in Portugal: how to overcome it for fostering business excellence?

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors identify the barriers to innovation that influence the innovation capability of Portuguese manufacturing firms and propose public policies to overcome the restraining factors of the entrepreneurial innovative capability and to promote business excellence at the firm level, especially alternative financing sources, incentives for innovation activities and open innovation networks.
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China's System and Vision of Innovation: An Analysis in Relation to the Strategic Adjustment and the Medium- to Long-Term S&T Development Plan (2006-20)

TL;DR: In this paper, a special issue is dedicated to an understanding of the innovation system in China, focusing on learning and innovation at the firm level, three papers on sectoral systems and one...
Journal ArticleDOI

Structural Learning: Embedding discoveries and the dynamics of production

TL;DR: The paper aims to open the ‘production black box’ by proposing the analytical map of production as a tool for disentangling the set of interdependent relationships among capabilities, tasks and materials.
Journal ArticleDOI

Accelerating the deployment of carbon capture and storage technologies by strengthening the innovation system

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluate and compare national approaches towards the development of CCS in the United States, Canada, Norway, the Netherlands, and Australia by applying the functions of innovation systems approach.
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