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An Overview of Innovation

Stephen J. Kline, +1 more
- 01 Jan 2009 - 
- pp 173-203
TLDR
The process of innovation must be viewed as a series of changes in a complete system not only of hardware, but also of market environment, production facilities and knowledge, and the social contexts of the innovation organization as discussed by the authors.
Abstract
Models that depict innovation as a smooth, well-behaved linear process badly misspecify the nature and direction of the causal factors at work. Innovation is complex, uncertain, somewhat disorderly, and subject to changes of many sorts. Innovation is also difficult to measure and demands close coordination of adequate technical knowledge and excellent market judgment in order to satisfy economic, technological, and other types of constraints—all simultaneously. The process of innovation must be viewed as a series of changes in a complete system not only of hardware, but also of market environment, production facilities and knowledge, and the social contexts of the innovation organization.

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Citations
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Forms of knowledge and modes of innovation

TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared two modes of innovation, Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) and Doing, Using and Interacting (DUI), and found that firms combining the two modes are more likely to innovate new products or services than those relying primarily on one mode or the other.
Journal ArticleDOI

National Innovation Systems: Analytical Concept and Development Tool

TL;DR: In this article, a core of the innovation system is defined and it is illustrated that it is necessary both to understand micro-behaviour in the core and understand the wider setting within which the core operates.
Posted Content

Leveraging External Sources of Innovation: A Review of Research on Open Innovation

TL;DR: In this paper, an analysis of prior research on how firms leverage external sources of innovation is presented, which suggests a four-phase model in which a linear process of obtaining, integrating, integrating and commercializing external innovations is combined with interaction between the firm and its collaborators.
Journal ArticleDOI

University–industry relationships and open innovation: Towards a research agenda

TL;DR: In this paper, the diffusion and characteristics of collaborative relationships between universities and industry are explored, and a research agenda informed by an open innovation perspective is developed. But the authors focus on the effects of university-industry links on innovation-specific variables, such as patents or firm innovativeness, and the dynamics of these relationships remain under-researched.
Journal ArticleDOI

'Mode 3' and 'Quadruple Helix': toward a 21st century fractal innovation ecosystem

TL;DR: The 'Quadruple Helix' emphasises the importance of also integrating the perspective of the media-based and culture-based public, and results is an emerging fractal knowledge and innovation ecosystem, well-configured for the knowledge economy and society.
References
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Science, technology and innovation studies at a crossroad: SPRU as case study

Luc Soete
- 01 May 2019 - 
TL;DR: The setting up of the Science Policy Research Unit (SPRU) at Sussex University 50 years ago represented a "transformative change" in the research on science policy and the understanding of the nature and origin of technological change and innovation studies as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI

Sustainable Innovation and Right to Market

TL;DR: The corporate intrapreneur's role, such that maximum benefit derives from the system of entrepreneurship, intrapneurship, and innovation is explained through literature review, consultancy experiences, and use of an illustrative case.
Journal ArticleDOI

How different agricultural research models contribute to impacts: Evidence from 13 case studies in developing countries

TL;DR: In this article, the authors used a case study approach to analyze the impact of research undertaken in partnership with a range of different actors in a developing-country context, and found that the research community can contribute to impacts by using several models of intervention.
Journal ArticleDOI

New challenges for public research organisations in agricultural innovation in developing economies: Evidence from Embrapa in Brazil's soybean industry

TL;DR: In this paper, the characteristics of technological capabilities for agricultural innovation in indigenous public research organizations in developing economies are examined in the context of the Brazilian Corporation for Agricultural Research (Embrapa), in relation to the soybean industry.
Dissertation

An investigation of innovation and knowledge creation in virtual worlds

TL;DR: O Riordan et al. as discussed by the authors presented an investigation of innovation and knowledge creation in virtual worlds, focusing on the role of virtual worlds in the creation of knowledge and innovation in the virtual world.
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