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An Overview of Innovation

Stephen J. Kline, +1 more
- 01 Jan 2009 - 
- pp 173-203
TLDR
The process of innovation must be viewed as a series of changes in a complete system not only of hardware, but also of market environment, production facilities and knowledge, and the social contexts of the innovation organization as discussed by the authors.
Abstract
Models that depict innovation as a smooth, well-behaved linear process badly misspecify the nature and direction of the causal factors at work. Innovation is complex, uncertain, somewhat disorderly, and subject to changes of many sorts. Innovation is also difficult to measure and demands close coordination of adequate technical knowledge and excellent market judgment in order to satisfy economic, technological, and other types of constraints—all simultaneously. The process of innovation must be viewed as a series of changes in a complete system not only of hardware, but also of market environment, production facilities and knowledge, and the social contexts of the innovation organization.

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Citations
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Forms of knowledge and modes of innovation

TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared two modes of innovation, Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) and Doing, Using and Interacting (DUI), and found that firms combining the two modes are more likely to innovate new products or services than those relying primarily on one mode or the other.
Journal ArticleDOI

National Innovation Systems: Analytical Concept and Development Tool

TL;DR: In this article, a core of the innovation system is defined and it is illustrated that it is necessary both to understand micro-behaviour in the core and understand the wider setting within which the core operates.
Posted Content

Leveraging External Sources of Innovation: A Review of Research on Open Innovation

TL;DR: In this paper, an analysis of prior research on how firms leverage external sources of innovation is presented, which suggests a four-phase model in which a linear process of obtaining, integrating, integrating and commercializing external innovations is combined with interaction between the firm and its collaborators.
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University–industry relationships and open innovation: Towards a research agenda

TL;DR: In this paper, the diffusion and characteristics of collaborative relationships between universities and industry are explored, and a research agenda informed by an open innovation perspective is developed. But the authors focus on the effects of university-industry links on innovation-specific variables, such as patents or firm innovativeness, and the dynamics of these relationships remain under-researched.
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'Mode 3' and 'Quadruple Helix': toward a 21st century fractal innovation ecosystem

TL;DR: The 'Quadruple Helix' emphasises the importance of also integrating the perspective of the media-based and culture-based public, and results is an emerging fractal knowledge and innovation ecosystem, well-configured for the knowledge economy and society.
References
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Knowledge and Cooperation Determinants of Innovation Networks: A Mixed-Methods Approach to the Case of Portugal

TL;DR: In this paper, the determinants of innovation networks are analyzed using a qualitative original database of online information about 623 organizations in Portugal and a binary econometric regression for all types of entities is estimated.
Journal ArticleDOI

Features of Interaction Between Russian Enterprises and Research Organisations in the Field of Innovation

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present empirical estimates of the scale and character of interactions between companies and research organizations in the Russian economy, based on surveys of 1000 enterprises and 1000 research organizations.
Journal ArticleDOI

Does R&D really drive competitive advantage and performance?

TL;DR: The findings indicate that R&D expenditure impacts positively on both innovation and growth and is therefore an important driver for enhanced financial performance.
Journal ArticleDOI

Does Croatian national innovation system (NIS) follow the path towards knowledge economy

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors identified a complex set of mutual interconnected factors that cause substitution of the systemic model of NIS with its fractionalised and narrow-scope version, and classified them in the four main groups, as follows: transitional economic deficiency, cognitive maps and mindset, public administration deficit and socio-cultural factors.
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