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An Overview of Innovation

Stephen J. Kline, +1 more
- 01 Jan 2009 - 
- pp 173-203
TLDR
The process of innovation must be viewed as a series of changes in a complete system not only of hardware, but also of market environment, production facilities and knowledge, and the social contexts of the innovation organization as discussed by the authors.
Abstract
Models that depict innovation as a smooth, well-behaved linear process badly misspecify the nature and direction of the causal factors at work. Innovation is complex, uncertain, somewhat disorderly, and subject to changes of many sorts. Innovation is also difficult to measure and demands close coordination of adequate technical knowledge and excellent market judgment in order to satisfy economic, technological, and other types of constraints—all simultaneously. The process of innovation must be viewed as a series of changes in a complete system not only of hardware, but also of market environment, production facilities and knowledge, and the social contexts of the innovation organization.

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI

Forms of knowledge and modes of innovation

TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared two modes of innovation, Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) and Doing, Using and Interacting (DUI), and found that firms combining the two modes are more likely to innovate new products or services than those relying primarily on one mode or the other.
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National Innovation Systems: Analytical Concept and Development Tool

TL;DR: In this article, a core of the innovation system is defined and it is illustrated that it is necessary both to understand micro-behaviour in the core and understand the wider setting within which the core operates.
Posted Content

Leveraging External Sources of Innovation: A Review of Research on Open Innovation

TL;DR: In this paper, an analysis of prior research on how firms leverage external sources of innovation is presented, which suggests a four-phase model in which a linear process of obtaining, integrating, integrating and commercializing external innovations is combined with interaction between the firm and its collaborators.
Journal ArticleDOI

University–industry relationships and open innovation: Towards a research agenda

TL;DR: In this paper, the diffusion and characteristics of collaborative relationships between universities and industry are explored, and a research agenda informed by an open innovation perspective is developed. But the authors focus on the effects of university-industry links on innovation-specific variables, such as patents or firm innovativeness, and the dynamics of these relationships remain under-researched.
Journal ArticleDOI

'Mode 3' and 'Quadruple Helix': toward a 21st century fractal innovation ecosystem

TL;DR: The 'Quadruple Helix' emphasises the importance of also integrating the perspective of the media-based and culture-based public, and results is an emerging fractal knowledge and innovation ecosystem, well-configured for the knowledge economy and society.
References
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From Joint Experimentation to Laissez- faire: Transdisciplinary Innovation Research for the Institutional Strengthening of a Water Users Association in Khorezm, Uzbekistan

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Examine the Commercialization Research Outcomes in Iran A Structural Equation Model

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a structural equation model of commercialization of research outcomes and a content analysis of 33 factors affecting commercialization were extracted and categorized in 6 main groups, namely, research-oriented factors, industry-oriented factor, the government, technology parks and growth centers, environment, and commercialization.
Dissertation

A Delphi study of the influences on innovation adoption and process evolution in a large open source project: the case of Debian

TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose an originality note for originality in the context of text editing, which is based on the concept of co-occurrence and co-reference.
Posted Content

The multiple facets of regional innovation

TL;DR: In this article, the dimensionality of regional innovation is examined by applying a principal component analysis on seven innovation output indicators in European regions from the Community Innovation Survey and two traditional indicators, i.e., patent applications and R&D expenses.
Journal ArticleDOI

Bibliometric data and actual development in technology life cycles: Flaws in assumptions

TL;DR: The paper shows how drastic an effect the decision to set an upper bound has on trend extrapolations, and recommends carefully examining the interconnection of actual development and bibliometric activity.
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