Journal ArticleDOI
Antimicrobial peptides: pore formers or metabolic inhibitors in bacteria?
TLDR
In this review the different models of antimicrobial-peptide-induced pore formation and cell killing are presented and several observations suggest that translocated peptides can alter cytoplasmic membrane septum formation, inhibit cell-wall synthesis, inhibit nucleic-acid synthesis, inhibits protein synthesis or inhibit enzymatic activity.Abstract:
Antimicrobial peptides are an abundant and diverse group of molecules that are produced by many tissues and cell types in a variety of invertebrate, plant and animal species. Their amino acid composition, amphipathicity, cationic charge and size allow them to attach to and insert into membrane bilayers to form pores by 'barrel-stave', 'carpet' or 'toroidal-pore' mechanisms. Although these models are helpful for defining mechanisms of antimicrobial peptide activity, their relevance to how peptides damage and kill microorganisms still need to be clarified. Recently, there has been speculation that transmembrane pore formation is not the only mechanism of microbial killing. In fact several observations suggest that translocated peptides can alter cytoplasmic membrane septum formation, inhibit cell-wall synthesis, inhibit nucleic-acid synthesis, inhibit protein synthesis or inhibit enzymatic activity. In this review the different models of antimicrobial-peptide-induced pore formation and cell killing are presented.read more
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Acinetobacter baumannii: Emergence of a Successful Pathogen
TL;DR: This review details the significant advances that have been made in understanding of this remarkable organism over the last 10 years, including current taxonomy and species identification, issues with susceptibility testing, mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, global epidemiology, clinical impact of infection, host-pathogen interactions, and infection control and therapeutic considerations.
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Antifouling coatings: recent developments in the design of surfaces that prevent fouling by proteins, bacteria, and marine organisms.
TL;DR: The major strategies for designing surfaces that prevent fouling due to proteins, bacteria, and marine organisms are reviewed and ongoing research in this area should result in the development of even better antifouling materials in the future.
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Peptide Antimicrobial Agents
TL;DR: The structural requirements of peptides for antiviral and antibacterial activities are evaluated in light of the diverse set of primary and secondary structures described for host defense peptides.
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Inflammatory bowel disease: cause and immunobiology
TL;DR: How environmental factors, infectious microbes, ethnic origin, genetic susceptibility, and a dysregulated immune system can result in mucosal inflammation are discussed.
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Designing antimicrobial peptides: form follows function
TL;DR: In this article, advanced computer assisted design strategies that address the difficult problem of relating primary sequence to peptide structure, and are delivering more potent, cost-effective, broad-spectrum peptides as potential next-generation antibiotics.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Relationship of membrane curvature to the formation of pores by magainin 2.
Katsumi Matsuzaki,Ken’ichi Sugishita,Noriko Ishibe,Mayu Ueha,Saori Nakata,Koichiro Miyajima,Richard M. Epand +6 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that the peptide imposes positive curvature strain, facilitating the formation of a torus-type pore, and that the presence of negative curvature-inducing lipids inhibits pore formation.
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The antibacterial peptide pyrrhocoricin inhibits the ATPase actions of DnaK and prevents chaperone-assisted protein folding.
TL;DR: The data suggest that drosocin and pyrrhocoricin binding prevents the frequent opening and closing of the multihelical lid over the peptide-binding pocket of DnaK, permanently closes the cavity, and inhibits chaperone-assisted protein folding.
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Antimicrobial peptides in animals and their role in host defences
TL;DR: Domesticated animals have a large variety of antimicrobial peptides that serve as natural innate barriers limiting microbial infection or, in some instances, act as an integral component in response to inflammation or microbial infection.
Journal ArticleDOI
Capsule Polysaccharide Mediates Bacterial Resistance to Antimicrobial Peptides
Miguel A. Campos,Miguel A. Vargas,Verónica Regueiro,Catalina M. Llompart,Sebastián Albertí,José A. Bengoechea +5 more
TL;DR: The characterization of a novel mechanism of resistance to APs that is dependent on the bacterial capsule polysaccharide (CPS) is reported, suggesting that CPS protects bacteria by limiting the interaction of APs with the surface.
Journal ArticleDOI
Many chemokines including CCL20/MIP-3α display antimicrobial activity
De Yang,Qian Chen,David M. Hoover,Patricia Staley,Kenneth D. Tucker,Jacek Lubkowski,Joost J. Oppenheim +6 more
TL;DR: Similar to defensins, CCL20/MIP‐3α has antimicrobial effects on Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans.