Journal ArticleDOI
Axon viability and mitochondrial function are dependent on local protein synthesis in sympathetic neurons.
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TLDR
The results of this study indicate that the local protein synthetic system plays an important role in mitochondrial function and the maintenance of the axon.Abstract:
(1) Axons contain numerous mRNAs and a local protein synthetic system that can be regulated independently of the cell body. (2) In this study, cultured primary sympathetic neurons were employed, to assess the effect of local protein synthesis blockade on axon viability and mitochondrial function. (3) Inhibition of local protein synthesis reduced newly synthesized axonal proteins by 65% and resulted in axon retraction after 6 h. Acute inhibition of local protein synthesis also resulted in a significant decrease in the membrane potential of axonal mitochondria. Likewise, blockade of local protein transport into the mitochondria by transfection of the axons with Hsp90 C-terminal domain decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential by 65%. Moreover, inhibition of the local protein synthetic system also reduced the ability of mitochondria to restore axonal levels of ATP after KCl-induced depolarization. (4) Taken together, these results indicate that the local protein synthetic system plays an important role in mitochondrial function and the maintenance of the axon.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
The axonal transport of mitochondria
TL;DR: Why mitochondria move and how they move is reviewed, focusing particularly on recent studies of transport regulation, which implicate control of motor activity by specific cell-signaling pathways, regulation of motor access to transport tracks and static microtubule–mitochondrion linkers.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Central Dogma Decentralized: New Perspectives on RNA Function and Local Translation in Neurons
TL;DR: The view that mRNA localization and RNA-regulated and localized translation underlie many fundamental neuronal processes and highlight key issues for future experiments is discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Axonal mRNA localization and local protein synthesis in nervous system assembly, maintenance and repair
TL;DR: Current knowledge on the roles and regulatory mechanisms of axonal mRNA translation are reviewed and emerging links to axon guidance, survival, regeneration and neurological disorders are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dynamic Axonal Translation in Developing and Mature Visual Circuits
Toshiaki Shigeoka,Hosung Jung,Jane Jung,Benita Turner-Bridger,Jiyeon Ohk,Julie Qiaojin Lin,Paul S. Amieux,Christine E. Holt +7 more
TL;DR: An axon-TRAP-RiboTag approach in mouse is developed that allows deep-sequencing analysis of ribosome-bound mRNAs in the retinal ganglion cell axons of the developing and adult retinotectal projection in vivo, indicating that intricate regulation of compartment-specific mRNA translation in mammalian CNS axons supports the formation and maintenance of neural circuits in vivo.
Journal ArticleDOI
Axonal mRNA in uninjured and regenerating cortical mammalian axons.
Anne Marion Taylor,Nicole C. Berchtold,Victoria M. Perreau,Victoria M. Perreau,Christina H. Tu,Noo Li Jeon,Carl W. Cotman +6 more
TL;DR: The data demonstrate that CNS axons contain many mRNA species of diverse functions, and suggest that, like invertebrate and PNS axons, CNS axon synthesize proteins locally, maintaining a degree of autonomy from the cell body.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Sequence and organization of the human mitochondrial genome
Stephen Anderson,Alan T. Bankier,Bart Barrell,M.H.L. de Bruijn,Alan Coulson,J. Drouin,J. Drouin,Ian C. Eperon,Donald P. Nierlich,Donald P. Nierlich,Bruce A. Roe,Bruce A. Roe,Frederick Sanger,P. H. Schreier,Andrew J.H. Smith,Rodger Staden,Ian G. Young,Ian G. Young +17 more
TL;DR: The complete sequence of the 16,569-base pair human mitochondrial genome is presented and shows extreme economy in that the genes have none or only a few noncoding bases between them, and in many cases the termination codons are not coded in the DNA but are created post-transcriptionally by polyadenylation of the mRNAs.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biogenesis of Mitochondria
TL;DR: The MITOCHONDRIAL GENETIC SYSTEM, a chronology of key events and events leading to and after the invention of the mitochondria, is described.
Journal ArticleDOI
The axonal transport of mitochondria
TL;DR: Why mitochondria move and how they move is reviewed, focusing particularly on recent studies of transport regulation, which implicate control of motor activity by specific cell-signaling pathways, regulation of motor access to transport tracks and static microtubule–mitochondrion linkers.
Journal ArticleDOI
A new method for the cytofluorimetric analysis of mitochondrial membrane potential using the J-aggregate forming lipophilic cation 5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimidazolcarbocyanine iodide (JC-1).
TL;DR: A new method for the cytofluorimetric analysis of mitochondrial membrane potential in intact cells has been developed by using the lipophilic cationic probe 5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimidazolcarbocyanine iodide (JC-1), whose monomer emits at 527 nm after excitation at 490 nm.
Journal ArticleDOI
Molecular chaperones Hsp90 and Hsp70 deliver preproteins to the mitochondrial import receptor Tom70
TL;DR: In mammals, the cytosolic chaperones Hsp90 and Hsp70 dock onto a specialized TPR domain in the import receptor Tom70 at the outer mitochondrial membrane to deliver a set of preproteins to the receptor for subsequent membrane translocation dependent on the Hsp 90 ATPase.