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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

Biosensors based on nanomechanical systems

TLDR
This review provides insight into the mechanical phenomena that occur in suspended mechanical structures when either biological adsorption or interactions take place on their surface: mass, surface stress, effective Young's modulus and viscoelasticity.
Abstract
The advances in micro- and nanofabrication technologies enable the preparation of increasingly smaller mechanical transducers capable of detecting the forces, motion, mechanical properties and masses that emerge in biomolecular interactions and fundamental biological processes. Thus, biosensors based on nanomechanical systems have gained considerable relevance in the last decade. This review provides insight into the mechanical phenomena that occur in suspended mechanical structures when either biological adsorption or interactions take place on their surface. This review guides the reader through the parameters that change as a consequence of biomolecular adsorption: mass, surface stress, effective Young's modulus and viscoelasticity. The mathematical background needed to correctly interpret the output signals from nanomechanical biosensors is also outlined here. Other practical issues reviewed are the immobilization of biomolecular receptors on the surface of nanomechanical systems and methods to attain that in large arrays of sensors. We then describe some relevant realizations of biosensor devices based on nanomechanical systems that harness some of the mechanical effects cited above. We finally discuss the intrinsic detection limits of the devices and the limitation that arises from non-specific adsorption.

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Mesoporous Carbon Nanospheres Featured Fluorescent Aptasensor for Multiple Diagnosis of Cancer in Vitro and in Vivo.

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References
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The Tension of Metallic Films Deposited by Electrolysis

TL;DR: It is well known that metallic films deposited electrolytically are in many cases liable to peel off if deposited to any considerable thickness as discussed by the authors, especially if it does not adhere very tightly to the body on which it is deposited.
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Carbon‐Nanotube Based Electrochemical Biosensors: A Review

TL;DR: A review of carbon-nanotubes (CNT) based electrochemical biosensors can be found in this paper, where common designs of CNT-based sensors are discussed, along with practical examples of such devices.
Journal ArticleDOI

Frequency modulation detection using high‐Q cantilevers for enhanced force microscope sensitivity

TL;DR: In this article, a frequency modulation (FM) technique has been demonstrated which enhances the sensitivity of attractive mode force microscopy by an order of magnitude or more, which is made possible by operating in a moderate vacuum (<10−3 Torr).
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Direct observation of the rotation of F1-ATPase

TL;DR: It is shown that a single molecule of F1-ATPase acts as a rotary motor, the smallest known, by direct observation of its motion by attaching a fluorescent actin filament to the γ-subunit as a marker, which enabled us to observe this motion directly.
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Sensitive optical biosensors for unlabeled targets: a review.

TL;DR: This article reviews the recent progress in optical biosensors that use the label-free detection protocol, in which biomolecules are unlabeled or unmodified, and are detected in their natural forms, and focuses on the optical biosENSors that utilize the refractive index change as the sensing transduction signal.
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