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Open AccessJournal Article

Building a Practically Useful Theory of Goal Setting and Task Motivation

Edwin A. Locke, +1 more
- 01 Jan 2002 - 
- Vol. 57, Iss: 9
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TLDR
The authors summarize 35 years of empirical research on goal-setting theory, describing the core findings of the theory, the mechanisms by which goals operate, moderators of goal effects, the relation of goals and satisfaction, and the role of goals as mediators of incentives.
Abstract
University of TorontoThe authors summarize 35 years of empirical research ongoal-setting theory. They describe the core findings of thetheory, the mechanisms by which goals operate, modera-tors of goal effects, the relation of goals and satisfaction,and the role of goals as mediators of incentives. Theexternal validity and practical significance of goal-settingtheory are explained, and new directions in goal-settingresearch are discussed. The relationships of goal setting toother theories are described as are the theory’s limitations.

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Citations
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Poverty, Aspirations, and the Economics of Hope

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose a framework for understanding the role of hope and aspirations in economic development, and review literature related to hope from philosophy, theology, and psychology, as well it...

Changing households' investments and aspirations through social interactions : evidence from a randomized transfer program in a low-income country

TL;DR: In this paper, the role of social interactions in determining households' responses to an asset transfer program is analyzed and whether investments and accumulation patterns are affected by the proximity to female leaders who themselves were also beneficiaries of the transfer program.
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From motivation and cognition theories to everyday applications and back again: the case of product-integrated information and feedback

LT Lorna McCalley
- 01 Jan 2006 - 
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored the relationship between goal setting and feedback in four examples of applied empirical research and found that goal-based strategies can generate or support better energy conservation.
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Teacher Performance Appraisal: More about Performance or Development?

TL;DR: The authors discusses some of the key research connected with teacher performance appraisal, including aspects and outcomes and points to the need for a better understanding of how they are connected to bigger ideas, highlighting the importance of an enhanced understanding of performance appraisal as a discursive approach to building teaching quality.
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Teamwork in sport: a theoretical and integrative review

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a multidimensional conceptual framework of teamwork in sport and discuss how teamwork sits within a broader model of team effectiveness, and provide an overview of salient research avenues on teamwork and team effectiveness.
References
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Book

Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control

TL;DR: SelfSelf-Efficacy (SE) as discussed by the authors is a well-known concept in human behavior, which is defined as "belief in one's capabilities to organize and execute the courses of action required to produce given attainments".
Book ChapterDOI

Prospect theory: an analysis of decision under risk

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a critique of expected utility theory as a descriptive model of decision making under risk, and develop an alternative model, called prospect theory, in which value is assigned to gains and losses rather than to final assets and in which probabilities are replaced by decision weights.
Book

Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory

TL;DR: In this paper, models of Human Nature and Casualty are used to model human nature and human health, and a set of self-regulatory mechanisms are proposed. But they do not consider the role of cognitive regulators.