Open AccessJournal Article
Building a Practically Useful Theory of Goal Setting and Task Motivation
Edwin A. Locke,Gary P. Latham +1 more
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The authors summarize 35 years of empirical research on goal-setting theory, describing the core findings of the theory, the mechanisms by which goals operate, moderators of goal effects, the relation of goals and satisfaction, and the role of goals as mediators of incentives.Abstract:
University of TorontoThe authors summarize 35 years of empirical research ongoal-setting theory. They describe the core findings of thetheory, the mechanisms by which goals operate, modera-tors of goal effects, the relation of goals and satisfaction,and the role of goals as mediators of incentives. Theexternal validity and practical significance of goal-settingtheory are explained, and new directions in goal-settingresearch are discussed. The relationships of goal setting toother theories are described as are the theory’s limitations.read more
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Cooperation or Competition – When do people contribute more? A field experiment on gamification of crowdsourcing
TL;DR: The results reveal that inter-team competitions are most likely to lead to higher enjoyment and crowdsourcing participation, as well as to a higher willingness to recommending a system, and indicate that crowdsourcing system designers and operators should implement gamification with competing teams instead of typically used competitions between individuals.
Journal ArticleDOI
Control-value theory: Using achievement emotions to improve understanding of motivation, learning, and performance in medical education: AMEE Guide No. 64
TL;DR: One of the leading contemporary theories of achievement emotions, control‐value theory (Pekrun), is described, and the importance of designing learning environments that foster a high degree of control and value for students is highlighted.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Effect of Learning vs. Outcome Goals on Self-Efficacy, Satisfaction and Performance in an MBA Program
Gary P. Latham,Travor C. Brown +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a field experiment examined the application of goal setting theory on student self-efficacy, satisfaction with the MBA program, as well as performance (i.e. GPA).
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Goal conflict, goal striving, and psychological well-being
TL;DR: The authors identified and distinguished conflicting and facilitating goals, and assessed relations with goal attainment and psychological well-being in a short-term, prospective study design, finding that people who experienced goal conflict tended to be ruminative and hesitant, and reported greater levels of negative affect and increases in depression, anxiety and psychosomatization.
Journal ArticleDOI
Tutorial for Using Control Systems Engineering to Optimize Adaptive Mobile Health Interventions
Eric B. Hekler,Daniel E. Rivera,Cesar A. Martin,Cesar A. Martin,Sayali S. Phatak,Mohammad T. Freigoun,Elizabeth V. Korinek,Predrag Klasnja,Marc A. Adams,Matthew P. Buman +9 more
TL;DR: An introductory tutorial on when and what to do when using control systems engineering for designing and optimizing adaptive mobile health (mHealth) behavioral interventions, with a focus on why, what, and when to do subtasks in each step.
References
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Book
Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control
TL;DR: SelfSelf-Efficacy (SE) as discussed by the authors is a well-known concept in human behavior, which is defined as "belief in one's capabilities to organize and execute the courses of action required to produce given attainments".
Book
Belief, Attitude, Intention and Behavior: An Introduction to Theory and Research
Martin Fishbein,Icek Ajzen +1 more
Book ChapterDOI
Prospect theory: an analysis of decision under risk
Daniel Kahneman,Amos Tversky +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a critique of expected utility theory as a descriptive model of decision making under risk, and develop an alternative model, called prospect theory, in which value is assigned to gains and losses rather than to final assets and in which probabilities are replaced by decision weights.
Journal ArticleDOI
Prospect theory: analysis of decision under risk
Daniel Kahneman,Amos Tversky +1 more
Book
Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory
TL;DR: In this paper, models of Human Nature and Casualty are used to model human nature and human health, and a set of self-regulatory mechanisms are proposed. But they do not consider the role of cognitive regulators.