Open AccessJournal Article
Building a Practically Useful Theory of Goal Setting and Task Motivation
Edwin A. Locke,Gary P. Latham +1 more
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The authors summarize 35 years of empirical research on goal-setting theory, describing the core findings of the theory, the mechanisms by which goals operate, moderators of goal effects, the relation of goals and satisfaction, and the role of goals as mediators of incentives.Abstract:
University of TorontoThe authors summarize 35 years of empirical research ongoal-setting theory. They describe the core findings of thetheory, the mechanisms by which goals operate, modera-tors of goal effects, the relation of goals and satisfaction,and the role of goals as mediators of incentives. Theexternal validity and practical significance of goal-settingtheory are explained, and new directions in goal-settingresearch are discussed. The relationships of goal setting toother theories are described as are the theory’s limitations.read more
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On the relations among work value orientations, psychological need satisfaction and job outcomes: A self-determination theory approach.
Maarten Vansteenkiste,Bart Neyrinck,Christopher P. Niemiec,Bart Soenens,Hans De Witte,Anja Van den Broeck +5 more
TL;DR: This article found that holding an extrinsic, relative to an intrinsic, work value orientation was associated with less positive outcomes (i.e., less satisfaction with, dedication to and vitality while on the job) and more negative outcomes (e.g., higher emotional exhaustion, short-lived satisfaction after successful goal-attainment, and turn-over intention).
Journal ArticleDOI
Integrating Theories of Motivation
Piers Steel,Cornelius J. König +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a temporal motivational theory (TMT) is proposed, which is consistent with the major findings from many other investigations, including psychobiology and behaviorism, and the potential implications of TMT are numerous, affecting our understanding on a wide range of topics, including group behavior, job design, stock market behavior, and goal setting.
Journal ArticleDOI
Environmental Sustainability and Behavioral Science: Meta-Analysis of Proenvironmental Behavior Experiments
TL;DR: In this article, a meta-analysis was performed on 87 published reports containing 253 experimental treatments that measured an observed, not self-reported, behavioral outcome, and concluded that cognitive dissonance, goal setting, social modeling, and prompts provided the overall largest effect sizes (Hedge's g > 0.60).
Book ChapterDOI
Mentoring research: A review and dynamic process model.
TL;DR: A survey of the empirical work on mentoring that is organized around the major questions that have been investigated can be found in this article where a conceptual model, focused on formal mentoring relationships, is developed to help understand the mentoring process.
Journal ArticleDOI
Using Social Psychology to Motivate Contributions to Online Communities
Kimberly S. Ling,Gerard Beenen,Pamela Ludford,Xiaoqing Wang,Klarissa Chang,Xin Li,Dan Cosley,Dan Frankowski,Loren Terveen,Al Mamunur Rashid,Paul Resnick,Robert E. Kraut +11 more
TL;DR: Design principles derived from social psychology theories of social loafing and goal-setting were tested in four field experiments involving members of an online movie recommender community, finding that individuals contributed when they was reminded of their uniqueness and when they were given specific and challenging goals.
References
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Book
Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control
TL;DR: SelfSelf-Efficacy (SE) as discussed by the authors is a well-known concept in human behavior, which is defined as "belief in one's capabilities to organize and execute the courses of action required to produce given attainments".
Book
Belief, Attitude, Intention and Behavior: An Introduction to Theory and Research
Martin Fishbein,Icek Ajzen +1 more
Book ChapterDOI
Prospect theory: an analysis of decision under risk
Daniel Kahneman,Amos Tversky +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a critique of expected utility theory as a descriptive model of decision making under risk, and develop an alternative model, called prospect theory, in which value is assigned to gains and losses rather than to final assets and in which probabilities are replaced by decision weights.
Journal ArticleDOI
Prospect theory: analysis of decision under risk
Daniel Kahneman,Amos Tversky +1 more
Book
Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory
TL;DR: In this paper, models of Human Nature and Casualty are used to model human nature and human health, and a set of self-regulatory mechanisms are proposed. But they do not consider the role of cognitive regulators.