Journal ArticleDOI
Characterization of PF-4708671, a novel and highly specific inhibitor of p70 ribosomal S6 kinase (S6K1)
Laura R. Pearce,Gordon Alton,Daniel Tyler Richter,John Charles Kath,Laura Lingardo,Justin Chapman,Catherine Hwang,Dario R. Alessi +7 more
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TLDR
PF-4708671 is the first S6K1-specific inhibitor to be reported and will be a useful tool for delineating S6k1- specific roles downstream of mTOR.Abstract:
S6K1 (p70 ribosomal S6 kinase 1) is activated by insulin and growth factors via the PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) and mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signalling pathways. S6K1 regulates numerous processes, such as protein synthesis, growth, proliferation and longevity, and its inhibition has been proposed as a strategy for the treatment of cancer and insulin resistance. In the present paper we describe a novel cell-permeable inhibitor of S6K1, PF-4708671, which specifically inhibits the S6K1 isoform with a Ki of 20 nM and IC50 of 160 nM. PF-4708671 prevents the S6K1-mediated phosphorylation of S6 protein in response to IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor 1), while having no effect upon the PMA-induced phosphorylation of substrates of the highly related RSK (p90 ribosomal S6 kinase) and MSK (mitogen- and stress-activated kinase) kinases. PF-4708671 was also found to induce phosphorylation of the T-loop and hydrophobic motif of S6K1, an effect that is dependent upon mTORC1 (mTOR complex 1). PF-4708671 is the first S6K1-specific inhibitor to be reported and will be a useful tool for delineating S6K1-specific roles downstream of mTOR.read more
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mTOR Signaling in Growth Control and Disease
TL;DR: The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway senses and integrates a variety of environmental cues to regulate organismal growth and homeostasis as mentioned in this paper, and is implicated in an increasing number of pathological conditions, including cancer, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and neurodegeneration.
Journal ArticleDOI
mTOR signaling in growth control and disease.
TL;DR: Recent advances in understanding of the mTOR pathway are reviewed and pharmacological approaches to treat human pathologies linked to mTOR deregulation are discussed.
Journal Article
Absence of S6K1 protects against age- and diet-induced obesity while enhancing insulin sensitivity. [Erratum: 2004 Sept. 23, v. 431, no. 7007, p. 485.]
Sung Hee Um,Francesca Frigerio,Mitsuhiro Watanabe,Frédéric Picard,Manel Joaquin,Melanie Sticker,Stefano Fumagalli,Peter R. Allegrini,Sara C. Kozma,Johan Auwerx +9 more
TL;DR: In this article, S6K1-deficient mice are protected against obesity owing to enhanced β-oxidation, but on a high fat diet, levels of glucose and free fatty acids still rise in S6k1-dependent mice, resulting in insulin receptor desensitization.
Journal ArticleDOI
PI3K and cancer: lessons, challenges and opportunities
David A. Fruman,Christian Rommel +1 more
TL;DR: Through a greater focus on patient selection, increased understanding of immune modulation and strategic application of rational combinations, it should be possible to realize the potential of this promising class of targeted anticancer agents.
Journal ArticleDOI
The mTOR-Regulated Phosphoproteome Reveals a Mechanism of mTORC1-Mediated Inhibition of Growth Factor Signaling
Peggy P. Hsu,Seong A. Kang,Jonathan Rameseder,Yi Zhang,Kathleen Ottina,Kathleen Ottina,Daniel Lim,Timothy R. Peterson,Yongmun Choi,Nathanael S. Gray,Michael B. Yaffe,Jarrod A. Marto,David M. Sabatini +12 more
TL;DR: It is found that the phosphorylation response to insulin is largely mTOR dependent and that mTOR exhibits a unique preference for proline, hydrophobic, and aromatic residues at the +1 position.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Rapamycin fed late in life extends lifespan in genetically heterogeneous mice
David E. Harrison,Randy Strong,Zelton D Sharp,James F. Nelson,Clinton M. Astle,Kevin Flurkey,Nancy L. Nadon,J. Erby Wilkinson,Krystyna Frenkel,Christy S. Carter,Christy S. Carter,Marco Pahor,Marco Pahor,Martin A. Javors,Elizabeth Fernandez,Richard A. Miller +15 more
TL;DR: It is reported that rapamycin, an inhibitor of the mTOR pathway, extends median and maximal lifespan of both male and female mice when fed beginning at 600 days of age.
Journal ArticleDOI
mTOR Interacts with Raptor to Form a Nutrient-Sensitive Complex that Signals to the Cell Growth Machinery
Do Hyung Kim,Dos D. Sarbassov,Siraj M. Ali,Jessie E. King,Robert R. Latek,Hediye Erdjument-Bromage,Paul Tempst,David M. Sabatini +7 more
TL;DR: It is reported that mTOR forms a stoichiometric complex with raptor, an evolutionarily conserved protein with at least two roles in the mTOR pathway that through its association with mTOR regulates cell size in response to nutrient levels.
Journal ArticleDOI
The selectivity of protein kinase inhibitors: a further update.
Jenny Bain,Lorna Plater,Matthew Elliott,Natalia Shpiro,C. James Hastie,Hilary McLauchlan,Iva V. Klevernic,J. Simon C. Arthur,Dario R. Alessi,Philip Cohen +9 more
TL;DR: Harmine has been identified as a potent and specific inhibitor of DYRK1A (dual-specificity tyrosine-phosphorylated and -regulated kinase 1A) in vitro and the results have further emphasized the need for considerable caution in using small-molecule inhibitors of protein kinases to assess the physiological roles of these enzymes.
Journal ArticleDOI
ULK-Atg13-FIP200 Complexes Mediate mTOR Signaling to the Autophagy Machinery
Chang Hwa Jung,Chang Bong Jun,Seung Hyun Ro,Young Mi Kim,Neil Michael Otto,Jing Cao,Mondira Kundu,Do Hyung Kim +7 more
TL;DR: It is identified that mTOR phosphorylates a mammalian homologue of Atg13 and the mammalian Atg1 homologues ULK1 and ULK2, which demonstrate that the ULK-Atg13-FIP200 complexes are direct targets of mTOR and important regulators of autophagy in response to mTOR signaling.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nutrient-dependent mTORC1 Association with the ULK1–Atg13–FIP200 Complex Required for Autophagy
Nao Hosokawa,Taichi Hara,Takeshi Kaizuka,Chieko Kishi,Akito Takamura,Yutaka Miura,Shun-ichiro Iemura,Tohru Natsume,Kenji Takehana,Naoyuki Yamada,Jun-Lin Guan,Noriko Oshiro,Noriko Oshiro,Noboru Mizushima +13 more
TL;DR: A novel mammalian autophagy factor, Atg13, is reported, which forms a stable approximately 3-MDa protein complex with ULK1 and FIP200, and suggests that mTORC1 suppressesAutophagy through direct regulation of the approximately 3,MDa ULK 1-Atg13-FIP200 complex.