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Complement in the Brain

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TLDR
Interestingly, recent animal studies have also indicated that complement activation products are involved in brain development and synapse formation, which may give insights into the role of complement in processes of neurodegeneration and neuroprotection in the injured or aged and diseased adult central nervous system, and thus aid in identifying novel and specific targets for therapeutic intervention.
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This article is published in Molecular Immunology.The article was published on 2011-08-01 and is currently open access. It has received 354 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Complement receptor & Classical complement pathway.

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Seeking a New Paradigm for Alzheimer's Disease: Considering the Roles of Inflammation, Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction, and Prion Disease.

TL;DR: The contribution of inflammation, malfunction of the neurovascular unit, and prion disease to Alzheimer's disease manifestations are reviewed and any or all are candidates for inclusion into a more accurate, inclusive, and useful new paradigm.
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Complement Activation in the Central Nervous System: A Biophysical Model for Immune Dysregulation in the Disease State.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore the mechanics of molecular neuro-immune relationships for the regulatory proteins: Complement Receptor 1, C1-Inhibitor, Factor H, and the CUB-sushi multiple domain family.
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Drosophila GPI-mannosyltransferase 2 is required for GPI anchor attachment and surface expression of chaoptin.

TL;DR: These findings on GPI-MT2 provide a mechanistic link between GPI anchor biosynthesis and protein trafficking in Drosophila and shed light on a novel mechanism for inherited retinal degeneration.
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Discovery of Small Molecules for Fluorescent Detection of Complement Activation Product C3d

TL;DR: This work employed a virtual high-throughput screening protocol to identify molecules with predicted binding to complement C3d and with intrinsic fluorescence properties to enable detection and serves as a foundation for identifying additional fluorescent molecules with high-affinity for C3D that will be explored as noninvasive in vivo diagnostics of complement-mediated inflammation.
References
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The chemokine system in diverse forms of macrophage activation and polarization.

TL;DR: Recent evidence suggests that differential modulation of the chemokine system integrates polarized macrophages in pathways of resistance to, or promotion of, microbial pathogens and tumors, or immunoregulation, tissue repair and remodeling.
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Resting Microglial Cells Are Highly Dynamic Surveillants of Brain Parenchyma in Vivo

TL;DR: Using in vivo two-photon imaging in neocortex, it is found that microglial cells are highly active in their presumed resting state, continually surveying their microenvironment with extremely motile processes and protrusions.
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Structure and function of the blood–brain barrier

TL;DR: The structure and function of the BBB is summarised, the physical barrier formed by the endothelial tight junctions, and the transport barrier resulting from membrane transporters and vesicular mechanisms are described.
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Heterogeneity of multiple sclerosis lesions: implications for the pathogenesis of demyelination.

TL;DR: At a given time point of the disease, the patterns of demyelination were heterogeneous between patients, but were homogenous within multiple active lesions from the same patient, suggesting that MS may be a disease with heterogeneous pathogenetic mechanisms.
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Complement: a key system for immune surveillance and homeostasis

TL;DR: An updated view of the function, structure and dynamics of the complement network is described, its interconnection with immunity at large and with other endogenous pathways is highlighted, and its multiple roles in homeostasis and disease are illustrated.
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