Diverse enzymatic activities mediate antiviral immunity in prokaryotes
Linyi Gao,Linyi Gao,Linyi Gao,Han Altae-Tran,Han Altae-Tran,Han Altae-Tran,Francisca Böhning,Francisca Böhning,Kira S. Makarova,Michael Segel,Jonathan L. Schmid-Burgk,Jeremy Koob,Jeremy Koob,Yuri I. Wolf,Eugene V. Koonin,Feng Zhang +15 more
TLDR
29 widespread antiviral gene cassettes are discovered that mediate protection against specific bacteriophages that incorporate enzymatic activities not previously implicated in antiviral defense, including RNA editing and retron satellite DNA synthesis.Abstract:
Bacteria and archaea are frequently attacked by viruses and other mobile genetic elements and rely on dedicated antiviral defense systems, such as restriction endonucleases and CRISPR, to survive. The enormous diversity of viruses suggests that more types of defense systems exist than are currently known. By systematic defense gene prediction and heterologous reconstitution, here we discover 29 widespread antiviral gene cassettes, collectively present in 32% of all sequenced bacterial and archaeal genomes, that mediate protection against specific bacteriophages. These systems incorporate enzymatic activities not previously implicated in antiviral defense, including RNA editing and retron satellite DNA synthesis. In addition, we computationally predict a diverse set of other putative defense genes that remain to be characterized. These results highlight an immense array of molecular functions that microbes use against viruses.read more
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Interactions between bacterial and phage communities in natural environments.
TL;DR: A review of the current knowledge of the composition and evolution of phage communities, as well as their roles in controlling the population and evolutionary dynamics of bacterial communities is provided in this article.
Journal ArticleDOI
Systematic and quantitative view of the antiviral arsenal of prokaryotes
Jean Cury,Aude Bernheim +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper , a tool that automatically detects known antiviral systems in prokaryotic genomes is presented. But it is not suitable for large-scale genomic analysis of antiviral defense systems.
Journal ArticleDOI
Phages and their satellites encode hotspots of antiviral systems
François Rousset,Florence Depardieu,Solange Ana Belén Miele,J E Dowding,Anne-Laure Laval,Erica Lieberman,Daniel Garry,Eduardo P. C. Rocha,Aude Bernheim,David Bikard +9 more
TL;DR: In this article , the authors show that E. coli P2-like phages and their parasitic P4-like satellites carry hotspots of genetic variation containing reservoirs of anti-phage systems.
Journal ArticleDOI
Discovery of multiple anti-CRISPRs highlights anti-defense gene clustering in mobile genetic elements.
Rafael Pinilla-Redondo,Rafael Pinilla-Redondo,Saadlee Shehreen,Nicole D. Marino,Robert D. Fagerlund,Chris M. Brown,Søren J. Sørensen,Peter C. Fineran,Joseph Bondy-Denomy,Joseph Bondy-Denomy +9 more
TL;DR: The discovery of new Acrs is reported by assaying candidate genes adjacent to a conserved Acr-associated (Aca) gene, aca5, against a panel of six type I systems and highlights the potential exploitation of acr loci neighborhoods for the identification of previously undescribed anti-defense systems.
Journal ArticleDOI
Bacterial origins of human cell-autonomous innate immune mechanisms
Tanita Wein,Rotem Sorek +1 more
TL;DR: Current knowledge of the elements of antiviral immunity that are conserved from bacteria to humans, and possible evolutionary scenarios to explain the observed conservation are described.
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