Journal ArticleDOI
Dynamics of a stressful encounter: Cognitive appraisal, coping, and encounter outcomes.
TLDR
In this paper, an intraindividual analysis of the interrelations among primary appraisal (what was at stake in the encounter), secondary appraisal (coping options), eight forms of problem-and emotion-focused coping, and encounter outcomes in a sample of community-residing adults was performed.Abstract:
Despite the importance that is attributed to coping as a factor in psychological and somatic health outcomes, little is known about actual coping processes, the variables that influence them, and their relation to the outcomes of the stressful encounters people experience in their day-to-day lives. This study uses an intraindividual analysis of the interrelations among primary appraisal (what was at stake in the encounter), secondary appraisal (coping options), eight forms of problem- and emotion-focused coping, and encounter outcomes in a sample of community-residing adults. Coping was strongly related to cognitive appraisal; the forms of coping that were used varied depending on what was at stake and the options for coping. Coping was also differentially related to satisfactory and unsatisfactory encounter outcomes. The findings clarify the functional relations among appraisal and coping variables and the outcomes of stressful encounters.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Appraisal, coping, health status, and psychological symptoms.
TL;DR: The pattern of relations indicated that certain variables were positively associated and others negatively associated with symptoms, but they did explain a significant amount of the variance in psychological symptoms.
Journal ArticleDOI
From Psychological Stress to the Emotions: A History of Changing Outlooks
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Searching for the structure of coping: a review and critique of category systems for classifying ways of coping.
TL;DR: The authors concluded that confirmatory factor analysis should replace the 2 most common strategies and recommend hierarchical systems of action types (e.g., proximity seeking, accommodation) for constructing category systems.
Journal ArticleDOI
Transactional theory and research on emotions and coping
Richard S. Lazarus,Susan Folkman +1 more
TL;DR: This article examined the fundamental premises of our cognitive-relational theory of emotion and coping and assessed their progress in examining them through 10 years of programmatic empirical resiliency and coping.
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Positive affect and the other side of coping.
TL;DR: The authors focus on one such outcome, positive affect, and review findings about the co-occurrence of positive affect with negative affect during chronic stress, the adaptive functions of positive Affect during chronic Stress, and a special class of meaning-based coping processes that support positive affect during Chronic stress.
References
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Book
Stress, appraisal, and coping
Richard S. Lazarus,Susan Folkman +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a detailed theory of psychological stress, building on the concepts of cognitive appraisal and coping, which have become major themes of theory and investigation in psychology.
Journal ArticleDOI
The structure of coping.
TL;DR: Results indicate that individuals' coping interventions are most effective when dealing with problems within the close interpersonal role areas of marriage and child-rearing and least effective when deals with the more impersonal problems found in occupation.
Journal ArticleDOI
An analysis of coping in a middle-aged community sample
Susan Folkman,Richard S. Lazarus +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed the ways 100 community-residing men and women aged 45 to 64 coped with the stressful events of daily living during one year and found that coping conceptualized in either defensive or problem-solving terms is incomplete.
Journal ArticleDOI
If it changes it must be a process: Study of emotion and coping during three stages of a college examination.
Susan Folkman,Richard S. Lazarus +1 more
TL;DR: This natural experiment provides substantial evidence for the following major themes, which are based on a cognitively oriented, process-centered theory of stress and coping: First, a stressful encounter should be viewed as a dynamic, unfolding process, not as a static, unitary event.
Related Papers (5)
If it changes it must be a process: Study of emotion and coping during three stages of a college examination.
Susan Folkman,Richard S. Lazarus +1 more