Journal ArticleDOI
Dynamics of a stressful encounter: Cognitive appraisal, coping, and encounter outcomes.
TLDR
In this paper, an intraindividual analysis of the interrelations among primary appraisal (what was at stake in the encounter), secondary appraisal (coping options), eight forms of problem-and emotion-focused coping, and encounter outcomes in a sample of community-residing adults was performed.Abstract:
Despite the importance that is attributed to coping as a factor in psychological and somatic health outcomes, little is known about actual coping processes, the variables that influence them, and their relation to the outcomes of the stressful encounters people experience in their day-to-day lives. This study uses an intraindividual analysis of the interrelations among primary appraisal (what was at stake in the encounter), secondary appraisal (coping options), eight forms of problem- and emotion-focused coping, and encounter outcomes in a sample of community-residing adults. Coping was strongly related to cognitive appraisal; the forms of coping that were used varied depending on what was at stake and the options for coping. Coping was also differentially related to satisfactory and unsatisfactory encounter outcomes. The findings clarify the functional relations among appraisal and coping variables and the outcomes of stressful encounters.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Expatriate Adjustment from a Social Network Perspective: Theoretical Examination and a Conceptual Model
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors contribute to the expatriate adjustment literature by clarifying the relationships among the expat social network, which is an under-emphasized area in expat literature.
Book ChapterDOI
Contagion of stress
TL;DR: The most fruitful path for advancing research on stress contagion is to combine the insights of more qualitative research with data derived from empirically rigorous quantitative designs and analytic strategies as mentioned in this paper, and researchers should combine careful theoretical analysis of stress processes with measurement technologies capable of distinguishing individual personality factors from situational, socially created factors.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Relationship Between Optimism and Coping Styles of Salespeople
David Strutton,James R. Lumpkin +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a framework is developed that suggests dispositionally optimistic salespeople may employ different coping strategies than do pessimistic salespeople, while pessimists used more emotion-focused coping.
Journal ArticleDOI
Stressful situations in caregiving: relations between caregiver coping and well-being.
Mary Ann Parris Stephens,Virginia K. Norris,Jennifer M. Kinney,Susan W. Ritchie,Robert C. Grotz +4 more
TL;DR: Analysis indicated that caregivers engaging in more escape-avoidance coping reported greater depression and more conflict in their personal relationships, and those using more positive reappraisal demonstrated greater positive affect.
Journal ArticleDOI
The relation between locus of control and coping in two contexts: age as a moderator variable.
TL;DR: Age moderated the relation between locus of control and coping as moderated by age and context and a belief in powerfulness of others was positively related to planful problem-solving and self-controlling in older adults and negatively related for younger individuals.
References
More filters
Book
Stress, appraisal, and coping
Richard S. Lazarus,Susan Folkman +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a detailed theory of psychological stress, building on the concepts of cognitive appraisal and coping, which have become major themes of theory and investigation in psychology.
Journal ArticleDOI
The structure of coping.
TL;DR: Results indicate that individuals' coping interventions are most effective when dealing with problems within the close interpersonal role areas of marriage and child-rearing and least effective when deals with the more impersonal problems found in occupation.
Journal ArticleDOI
An analysis of coping in a middle-aged community sample
Susan Folkman,Richard S. Lazarus +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed the ways 100 community-residing men and women aged 45 to 64 coped with the stressful events of daily living during one year and found that coping conceptualized in either defensive or problem-solving terms is incomplete.
Journal ArticleDOI
If it changes it must be a process: Study of emotion and coping during three stages of a college examination.
Susan Folkman,Richard S. Lazarus +1 more
TL;DR: This natural experiment provides substantial evidence for the following major themes, which are based on a cognitively oriented, process-centered theory of stress and coping: First, a stressful encounter should be viewed as a dynamic, unfolding process, not as a static, unitary event.
Related Papers (5)
If it changes it must be a process: Study of emotion and coping during three stages of a college examination.
Susan Folkman,Richard S. Lazarus +1 more