Evolution and Ecophysiology of the Industrial Producer Hypocrea jecorina (Anamorph Trichoderma reesei) and a New Sympatric Agamospecies Related to It
TLDR
The data prove that T. reesei belongs to a holomorph H. jecorina and displays a history of worldwide gene flow, and show that its nearest genetic neighbour - T. parareesei nom.Abstract:
Background
Trichoderma reesei, a mitosporic green mould, was recognized during the WW II based on a single isolate from the Solomon Islands and since then used in industry for production of cellulases. It is believed to be an anamorph (asexual stage) of the common pantropical ascomycete Hypocrea jecorina.
Methodology/Principal Findings
We combined molecular evolutionary analysis and multiple methods of phenotype profiling in order to reveal the genetic relationship of T. reesei to H. jecorina. The resulting data show that the isolates which were previously identified as H. jecorina by means of morphophysiology and ITS1 and 2 (rRNA gene cluster) barcode in fact comprise several species: i) H. jecorina/T. reesei sensu stricto which contains most of the teleomorphs (sexual stages) found on dead wood and the wild-type strain of T. reesei QM 6a; ii) T. parareesei nom. prov., which contains all strains isolated as anamorphs from soil; iii) and two other hypothetical new species for which only one or two isolates are available. In silico tests for recombination and in vitro mating experiments revealed a history of sexual reproduction for H. jecorina and confirmed clonality for T. parareesei nom. prov. Isolates of both species were consistently found worldwide in pantropical climatic zone. Ecophysiological comparison of H. jecorina and T. parareesei nom. prov. revealed striking differences in carbon source utilization, conidiation intensity, photosensitivity and mycoparasitism, thus suggesting adaptation to different ecological niches with the high opportunistic potential for T. parareesei nom. prov.
Conclusions
Our data prove that T. reesei belongs to a holomorph H. jecorina and displays a history of worldwide gene flow. We also show that its nearest genetic neighbour - T. parareesei nom. prov., is a cryptic phylogenetic agamospecies which inhabits the same biogeographic zone. These two species thus provide a so far rare example of sympatric speciation within saprotrophic fungi, with divergent ecophysiological adaptations and reproductive strategies.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Trichoderma : the genomics of opportunistic success
Irina S. Druzhinina,Verena Seidl-Seiboth,Alfredo Herrera-Estrella,Benjamin A. Horwitz,Charles M. Kenerley,Enrique Monte,Prasun K. Mukherjee,Prasun K. Mukherjee,Susanne Zeilinger,Igor V. Grigoriev,Christian P. Kubicek +10 more
TL;DR: Recent advances in molecular ecology and genomics indicate that the interactions of Trichoderma spp.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biology and biotechnology of Trichoderma
André Schuster,Monika Schmoll +1 more
TL;DR: This review aims to give a broad overview on the qualities and versatility of the best studied Trichoderma species and to highlight intriguing findings as well as promising applications.
Journal ArticleDOI
Systematics of the Trichoderma harzianum species complex and the re-identification of commercial biocontrol strains
Priscila Chaverri,Fabiano Branco-Rocha,Walter M. Jaklitsch,Romina Gazis,Thomas Degenkolb,Gary J. Samuels +5 more
TL;DR: The taxonomy of the T. harzianum species complex is revised to include at least 14 species in this article, and two new combinations are proposed, T. lentiforme and T. inhamatum.
Journal ArticleDOI
Unambiguous identification of fungi: where do we stand and how accurate and precise is fungal DNA barcoding?
Robert Lücking,M. Catherine Aime,Barbara Robbertse,Andrew N. Miller,Hiran A. Ariyawansa,Takayuki Aoki,Gianluigi Cardinali,Pedro W. Crous,Pedro W. Crous,Irina S. Druzhinina,Irina S. Druzhinina,David M. Geiser,David L. Hawksworth,Kevin D. Hyde,Laszlo Irinyi,Rajesh Jeewon,Peter R. Johnston,Paul M. Kirk,Elaine Malosso,Tom W. May,Wieland Meyer,Maarja Öpik,Vincent Robert,Vincent Robert,Marc Stadler,Marco Thines,Duong Vu,Andrey Yurkov,Ning Zhang,Conrad L. Schoch +29 more
TL;DR: A conceptual framework for the identification of fungi is provided, encouraging the approach of integrative (polyphasic) taxonomy for species delimitation, i.e. the combination of genealogy, phenotype, and phenotype-based approaches to catalog the global diversity of fungi and establish initial species hypotheses.
Short title: Trichoderma harzianum systematics Systematics of the Trichoderma harzianum species complex and the re-identification of commercial biocontrol strains
TL;DR: The taxonomy of the T. harzianum species complex is revised to include at least 14 species, and two new combinations are proposed, T. lentiforme and T. inhamatum.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
A new look at the statistical model identification
TL;DR: In this article, a new estimate minimum information theoretical criterion estimate (MAICE) is introduced for the purpose of statistical identification, which is free from the ambiguities inherent in the application of conventional hypothesis testing procedure.
Journal ArticleDOI
Estimating the Dimension of a Model
TL;DR: In this paper, the problem of selecting one of a number of models of different dimensions is treated by finding its Bayes solution, and evaluating the leading terms of its asymptotic expansion.
Journal ArticleDOI
The CLUSTAL_X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools.
TL;DR: ClUSTAL X is a new windows interface for the widely-used progressive multiple sequence alignment program CLUSTAL W, providing an integrated system for performing multiple sequence and profile alignments and analysing the results.
Estimating the dimension of a model
TL;DR: In this paper, the problem of selecting one of a number of models of different dimensions is treated by finding its Bayes solution, and evaluating the leading terms of its asymptotic expansion.
Related Papers (5)
Genome sequencing and analysis of the biomass-degrading fungus Trichoderma reesei (syn. Hypocrea jecorina).
Diego Martinez,Diego Martinez,Randy M. Berka,Bernard Henrissat,Markku Saloheimo,Mikko Arvas,Scott E. Baker,Jarod Chapman,Olga Chertkov,Pedro M. Coutinho,Dan Cullen,Etienne Danchin,Igor V. Grigoriev,Paul Harris,Melissa Jackson,Christian P. Kubicek,Cliff Han,Isaac Ho,Luis F. Larrondo,Alfredo Lopez de Leon,Jon K. Magnuson,Sandy Merino,Monica Misra,Beth Nelson,Nicholas H. Putnam,Barbara Robbertse,Asaf Salamov,Monika Schmoll,Astrid Terry,Nina Thayer,Ann Westerholm-Parvinen,Conrad L. Schoch,Jian Yao,Ravi D. Barabote,Mary Anne Nelson,Chris Detter,David Bruce,Cheryl R. Kuske,Gary Xie,Paul G. Richardson,Daniel S. Rokhsar,Susan Lucas,Edward M. Rubin,Nigel Dunn-Coleman,Michael Ward,Thomas Brettin +45 more
Comparative genome sequence analysis underscores mycoparasitism as the ancestral life style of Trichoderma
Christian P. Kubicek,Alfredo Herrera-Estrella,Verena Seidl-Seiboth,Diego Martinez,Irina S. Druzhinina,Michael R. Thon,Susanne Zeilinger,Sergio Casas-Flores,Benjamin A. Horwitz,Prasun K. Mukherjee,Mala Mukherjee,László Kredics,Luis David Alcaraz,Andrea Aerts,Zsuzsanna Antal,Lea Atanasova,Mayte G Cervantes-Badillo,Jean F. Challacombe,Olga Chertkov,Kevin McCluskey,Fanny Coulpier,Nandan P. Deshpande,Hans von Döhren,Daniel J. Ebbole,Edgardo Ulises Esquivel-Naranjo,Erzsébet Fekete,Michel Flipphi,Fabian Glaser,Elida Yazmin Gomez-Rodriguez,Sabine Gruber,Cliff Han,Bernard Henrissat,Rosa Hermosa,Miguel Ángel Hernández-Oñate,Levente Karaffa,Idit Kosti,Stéphane Le Crom,Erika Lindquist,Susan Lucas,Mette Lübeck,Peter Stephensen Lübeck,Antoine Margeot,Benjamin Metz,Monica Misra,Helena Nevalainen,Markus Omann,Nicolle H. Packer,Giancarlo Perrone,Edith Elena Uresti-Rivera,Asaf Salamov,Monika Schmoll,Bernhard Seiboth,Harris Shapiro,Serenella A. Sukno,Juan Antonio Tamayo-Ramos,Doris Tisch,Aric Wiest,Heather H. Wilkinson,Michael Zhang,Pedro M. Coutinho,Charles M. Kenerley,Enrique Monte,Scott E. Baker,Scott E. Baker,Igor V. Grigoriev +64 more