Journal ArticleDOI
Failure to deactivate in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia: dysfunction of the default mode network?
Edith Pomarol-Clotet,Raymond Salvador,Salvador Sarró,Jesus J. Gomar,Fidel Vila,A. Martínez,A. Guerrero,Jordi Ortiz-Gil,Bibiana Sans-Sansa,Antoni Capdevila,J. M. Cebamanos,Peter J. McKenna +11 more
TLDR
Patients with schizophrenia show both failure to activate and failure to deactivate during performance of a working memory task, including an area in the anterior prefrontal/anterior cingulate cortex that corresponds to one of the two midline components of the ‘default mode network’ implicated in functions related to maintaining one's sense of self.Abstract:
BackgroundFunctional imaging studies using working memory tasks have documented both prefrontal cortex (PFC) hypo- and hyperactivation in schizophrenia. However, these studies have often failed to consider the potential role of task-related deactivation.MethodThirty-two patients with chronic schizophrenia and 32 age- and sex-matched normal controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning while performing baseline, 1-back and 2-back versions of the n-back task. Linear models were used to obtain maps of activations and deactivations in the groups.ResultsThe controls showed activation in the expected frontal regions. There were also clusters of deactivation, particularly in the anterior cingulate/ventromedial PFC and the posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus. Compared to the controls, the schizophrenic patients showed reduced activation in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and other frontal areas. There was also an area in the anterior cingulate/ventromedial PFC where the patients showed apparently greater activation than the controls. This represented a failure of deactivation in the schizophrenic patients. Failure to activate was a function of the patients' impaired performance on the n-back task, whereas the failure to deactivate was less performance dependent.ConclusionsPatients with schizophrenia show both failure to activate and failure to deactivate during performance of a working memory task. The area of failure of deactivation is in the anterior prefrontal/anterior cingulate cortex and corresponds to one of the two midline components of the ‘default mode network’ implicated in functions related to maintaining one's sense of self.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Frontal gamma noise power and cognitive domains in schizophrenia.
Álvaro Díez,Vanessa Suazo,Pilar Casado,Manuel Martín-Loeches,María Victoria Perea,Vicente Molina +5 more
TL;DR: The cognitive deficit profile is different among individuals with schizophrenia, and the amount of electroencephalographic activity unlocked to stimuli onset (noise power) over frontal regions regarding deficit in cognitive domains is quantified.
Journal ArticleDOI
Evidence for Corticostriatal Dysfunction During Cognitive Skill Learning in Adolescent Siblings of Patients With Childhood-Onset Schizophrenia
Dana Wagshal,Barbara J. Knowlton,Nanthia Suthana,Jessica R. Cohen,Russel Poldrack,Susan Y. Bookheimer,Robert M. Bilder,Robert F. Asarnow +7 more
TL;DR: The results suggest that corticostriatal dysfunction may be part of the liability for schizophrenia.
Journal ArticleDOI
Inferior frontal and insular cortical thinning is related to dysfunctional brain activation/deactivation during working memory task in schizophrenic patients
Nuria Pujol,Rafael Penadés,Giuseppina Rametti,Rosa Catalán,Didac Vidal-Piñeiro,Eva M. Palacios,Núria Bargalló,Miquel Bernardo,Carme Junqué +8 more
TL;DR: The study provides evidence to suggest that dysfunctional activation/deactivation patterns in schizophrenia may be explained in terms of underlying gray matter deficits.
Journal ArticleDOI
Longitudinal brain functional changes between mania and euthymia in bipolar disorder
Silvia Alonso-Lana,Noemi Moro,Peter J. McKenna,Salvador Sarró,Anna Romaguera,Gemma C. Monté,Teresa Maristany,Jose Manuel Goikolea,Eduard Vieta,Raymond Salvador,Edith Pomarol-Clotet +10 more
TL;DR: While widespread cortical and subcortical brain functional abnormalities have been found in bipolar disorder, the changes that take place between illness phases and recovery are less clearly documented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hemodynamic response function abnormalities in schizophrenia during a multisensory detection task
Faith M. Hanlon,Nicholas A. Shaff,Andrew B. Dodd,Josef M. Ling,Juan R. Bustillo,Christopher C. Abbott,Shannon F. Stromberg,Swala Abrams,Denise S. Lin,Andrew R. Mayer +9 more
TL;DR: Results are consistent with recent views that separate neural processes underlie the two phases of the HRF and that they are differentially affected in patients with schizophrenia.
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