Journal ArticleDOI
Failure to deactivate in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia: dysfunction of the default mode network?
Edith Pomarol-Clotet,Raymond Salvador,Salvador Sarró,Jesus J. Gomar,Fidel Vila,A. Martínez,A. Guerrero,Jordi Ortiz-Gil,Bibiana Sans-Sansa,Antoni Capdevila,J. M. Cebamanos,Peter J. McKenna +11 more
TLDR
Patients with schizophrenia show both failure to activate and failure to deactivate during performance of a working memory task, including an area in the anterior prefrontal/anterior cingulate cortex that corresponds to one of the two midline components of the ‘default mode network’ implicated in functions related to maintaining one's sense of self.Abstract:
BackgroundFunctional imaging studies using working memory tasks have documented both prefrontal cortex (PFC) hypo- and hyperactivation in schizophrenia. However, these studies have often failed to consider the potential role of task-related deactivation.MethodThirty-two patients with chronic schizophrenia and 32 age- and sex-matched normal controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning while performing baseline, 1-back and 2-back versions of the n-back task. Linear models were used to obtain maps of activations and deactivations in the groups.ResultsThe controls showed activation in the expected frontal regions. There were also clusters of deactivation, particularly in the anterior cingulate/ventromedial PFC and the posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus. Compared to the controls, the schizophrenic patients showed reduced activation in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and other frontal areas. There was also an area in the anterior cingulate/ventromedial PFC where the patients showed apparently greater activation than the controls. This represented a failure of deactivation in the schizophrenic patients. Failure to activate was a function of the patients' impaired performance on the n-back task, whereas the failure to deactivate was less performance dependent.ConclusionsPatients with schizophrenia show both failure to activate and failure to deactivate during performance of a working memory task. The area of failure of deactivation is in the anterior prefrontal/anterior cingulate cortex and corresponds to one of the two midline components of the ‘default mode network’ implicated in functions related to maintaining one's sense of self.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Regional contraction of brain surface area involves three large-scale networks in schizophrenia.
TL;DR: The findings suggest that a fundamental disturbance in cortical expansion is likely in individuals who develop schizophrenia, and the surface area reduction across these three large-scale brain networks is confirmed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Disruptive changes of cerebellar functional connectivity with the default mode network in schizophrenia
TL;DR: These findings implicate disruptive changes of the fronto-thalamo-cerebellar circuit in schizophrenia, which may provide further evidence for the "cognitive dysmetria" concept of schizophrenia.
Journal ArticleDOI
Frequency Dependent Alterations in Regional Homogeneity of Baseline Brain Activity in Schizophrenia
Rongjun Yu,Ming H. Hsieh,Hsiao Lan Sharon Wang,Chih-Min Liu,Chen-Chung Liu,Tzung-Jeng Hwang,Yi-Ling Chien,Hai-Gwo Hwu,Wen-Yih Isaac Tseng +8 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that ReHo changes in schizophrenia are widespread and frequency dependent, and significant interaction between frequency bands and groups in the inferior occipital gyrus and caudate body is identified.
Journal ArticleDOI
A framework for interpreting functional networks in schizophrenia.
TL;DR: It is suggested that there is support for recently proposed models that suggest a pivotal role for the salience network in schizophrenia, but the interactions of this network with the default mode network and executive control networks are not sufficient to explain schizophrenic symptoms or distinguish them from other neuropsychiatric disorders.
Journal ArticleDOI
Partitioning heritability analysis reveals a shared genetic basis of brain anatomy and schizophrenia.
Phil Lee,Phil Lee,Justin T. Baker,Justin T. Baker,Avram J. Holmes,Avram J. Holmes,Neda Jahanshad,Tian Ge,Jae-Yoon Jung,Y. Cruz,Dara S. Manoach,Derrek P. Hibar,Joshua Faskowitz,Katie L. McMahon,G.I. de Zubicaray,N. H. Martin,Margaret J. Wright,Dost Öngür,Dost Öngür,Randy L. Buckner,Joshua L. Roffman,Paul M. Thompson,Jordan W. Smoller,Jordan W. Smoller +23 more
TL;DR: A partitioning-based heritability analysis of genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and neuroimaging data from 1750 healthy individuals finds that schizophrenia-associated genetic variants explain a significantly enriched proportion of trait heritability in eight brain phenotypes.
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