Journal ArticleDOI
Failure to deactivate in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia: dysfunction of the default mode network?
Edith Pomarol-Clotet,Raymond Salvador,Salvador Sarró,Jesus J. Gomar,Fidel Vila,A. Martínez,A. Guerrero,Jordi Ortiz-Gil,Bibiana Sans-Sansa,Antoni Capdevila,J. M. Cebamanos,Peter J. McKenna +11 more
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TLDR
Patients with schizophrenia show both failure to activate and failure to deactivate during performance of a working memory task, including an area in the anterior prefrontal/anterior cingulate cortex that corresponds to one of the two midline components of the ‘default mode network’ implicated in functions related to maintaining one's sense of self.Abstract:
BackgroundFunctional imaging studies using working memory tasks have documented both prefrontal cortex (PFC) hypo- and hyperactivation in schizophrenia. However, these studies have often failed to consider the potential role of task-related deactivation.MethodThirty-two patients with chronic schizophrenia and 32 age- and sex-matched normal controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning while performing baseline, 1-back and 2-back versions of the n-back task. Linear models were used to obtain maps of activations and deactivations in the groups.ResultsThe controls showed activation in the expected frontal regions. There were also clusters of deactivation, particularly in the anterior cingulate/ventromedial PFC and the posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus. Compared to the controls, the schizophrenic patients showed reduced activation in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and other frontal areas. There was also an area in the anterior cingulate/ventromedial PFC where the patients showed apparently greater activation than the controls. This represented a failure of deactivation in the schizophrenic patients. Failure to activate was a function of the patients' impaired performance on the n-back task, whereas the failure to deactivate was less performance dependent.ConclusionsPatients with schizophrenia show both failure to activate and failure to deactivate during performance of a working memory task. The area of failure of deactivation is in the anterior prefrontal/anterior cingulate cortex and corresponds to one of the two midline components of the ‘default mode network’ implicated in functions related to maintaining one's sense of self.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Brain functional changes in first-degree relatives of patients with bipolar disorder: evidence for default mode network dysfunction.
Silvia Alonso-Lana,Marc Valentí,Anna Romaguera,Carmen Sarri,S. Sarró,Alfonso Rodriguez-Martinez,Jose Manuel Goikolea,Benedikt L. Amann,Teresa Maristany,R. Salvador,Eduard Vieta,Peter J. McKenna,Edith Pomarol-Clotet +12 more
TL;DR: Failure to de-activate the medial prefrontal cortex in both euthymic bipolar patients and their unaffected siblings adds to evidence for default mode network dysfunction in the disorder, and suggests that it may act as a trait marker.
Journal ArticleDOI
Imagery-Mediated Verbal Learning Depends on Vividness-Familiarity Interactions: The Possible Role of Dualistic Resting State Network Activity Interference.
TL;DR: It is suggested that incongruence and congruence between vividness and familiarity reflect, respectively, competition and synergy between DMN and TPN activity and could assist in developing neurophenomenological markers of core memory deficits currently hypothesized to be shared across multiple psychopathological conditions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Trait or state? A longitudinal neuropsychological evaluation and fMRI study in schizoaffective disorder.
Mercè Madre,Mercè Madre,Joaquim Radua,Ramon Landin-Romero,Silvia Alonso-Lana,Raimond Salvador,Francesco Panicali,Edith Pomarol-Clotet,Benedikt L. Amann +8 more
TL;DR: Medial frontal failure of de-activation in remitted schizoaffective patients, which probably reflects default mode network dysfunction, appears to be a state independent feature of the illness.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neuroimaging results suggest the role of prediction in cross-domain priming
Catarina Amado,Petra Kovács,Rebecca Mayer,Géza Gergely Ambrus,Sabrina Trapp,Gyula Kovács,Gyula Kovács +6 more
TL;DR: It is found that congruent primes not only reduced RT, but also lowered the BOLD signal in bilateral fusiform (FFA) and occipital (OFA) face areas, which suggests that semantic information affects not only behavioral performance, butAlso neural responses in relatively early processing stages of the occipito-temporal cortex.
Book ChapterDOI
Attention and the Frontal Cortex
Ronald A. Cohen,Ronald A. Cohen +1 more
TL;DR: Sensory selective attention often occurs covertly, as a relatively automatic response to salient stimuli that occur in the environment as mentioned in this paper, and cognitive operations based on their momentary disposition, motivation, and prevailing situational demands and reinforcements.
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