Journal ArticleDOI
Failure to deactivate in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia: dysfunction of the default mode network?
Edith Pomarol-Clotet,Raymond Salvador,Salvador Sarró,Jesus J. Gomar,Fidel Vila,A. Martínez,A. Guerrero,Jordi Ortiz-Gil,Bibiana Sans-Sansa,Antoni Capdevila,J. M. Cebamanos,Peter J. McKenna +11 more
TLDR
Patients with schizophrenia show both failure to activate and failure to deactivate during performance of a working memory task, including an area in the anterior prefrontal/anterior cingulate cortex that corresponds to one of the two midline components of the ‘default mode network’ implicated in functions related to maintaining one's sense of self.Abstract:
BackgroundFunctional imaging studies using working memory tasks have documented both prefrontal cortex (PFC) hypo- and hyperactivation in schizophrenia. However, these studies have often failed to consider the potential role of task-related deactivation.MethodThirty-two patients with chronic schizophrenia and 32 age- and sex-matched normal controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning while performing baseline, 1-back and 2-back versions of the n-back task. Linear models were used to obtain maps of activations and deactivations in the groups.ResultsThe controls showed activation in the expected frontal regions. There were also clusters of deactivation, particularly in the anterior cingulate/ventromedial PFC and the posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus. Compared to the controls, the schizophrenic patients showed reduced activation in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and other frontal areas. There was also an area in the anterior cingulate/ventromedial PFC where the patients showed apparently greater activation than the controls. This represented a failure of deactivation in the schizophrenic patients. Failure to activate was a function of the patients' impaired performance on the n-back task, whereas the failure to deactivate was less performance dependent.ConclusionsPatients with schizophrenia show both failure to activate and failure to deactivate during performance of a working memory task. The area of failure of deactivation is in the anterior prefrontal/anterior cingulate cortex and corresponds to one of the two midline components of the ‘default mode network’ implicated in functions related to maintaining one's sense of self.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of the BDNF val66met Polymorphism on Prefrontal Brain Function in a Population at High Genetic Risk of Schizophrenia
Heather C. Whalley,Benjamin J. Baig,Jeremy Hall,Dominic Job,Andrew M. McIntosh,David G. Cunningham-Owens,Eve C. Johnstone,Stephen M. Lawrie +7 more
TL;DR: The results suggest that this gene affects prefrontal brain function in those at high genetic risk for the disorder, unconfounded by medication effects.
Journal ArticleDOI
Brief Report: Anomalous Neural Deactivations and Functional Connectivity During Receptive Language in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Functional MRI Study
TL;DR: Functional magnetic resonance imaging showed that the NBR in ASD participants was reduced during passive listening to spoken narratives compared to control participants, and functional connectivity between the superior temporal gyrus and regions that exhibited a NBR during receptive language in control participants was increased.
Journal ArticleDOI
Examining hippocampal function in schizophrenia using a virtual reality spatial navigation task.
Pilar Salgado-Pineda,Ramon Landin-Romero,Francisco Portillo,Clara Bosque,Ausias Pomes,Bernhard Spanlang,Jose Carlos Franquelo,Cristina Teixido,Salvador Sarró,Raymond Salvador,Mel Slater,Edith Pomarol-Clotet,Peter J. McKenna +12 more
TL;DR: Schizophrenia is associated with task-related hypoactivation in the DLPFC during spatial navigation, but not with functional changes in the hippocampus, and the failure of de-activation also found adds to evidence for default mode network dysfunction in the disorder.
Journal ArticleDOI
Brain imaging correlates of self- and other-reflection in schizophrenia.
Paola Fuentes-Claramonte,Marta Martin-Subero,Pilar Salgado-Pineda,Aniol Santo-Angles,Isabel Argila-Plaza,Josep Salavert,Antoni Arevalo,Clara Bosque,Carmen Sarri,Amalia Guerrero-Pedraza,Antoni Capdevila,Salvador Sarró,Peter J. McKenna,Edith Pomarol-Clotet,Raymond Salvador +14 more
TL;DR: Self- and other-reflection in schizophrenia were studied with fMRI and patients failed to activate the right temporo-parietal junction in other- Reflection and these findings might be linked to altered self/other processing in schizophrenia.
Journal ArticleDOI
Assessing brain structural associations with working-memory related brain patterns in schizophrenia and healthy controls using linked independent component analysis.
Christine L. Brandt,Nhat Trung Doan,Siren Tønnesen,Ingrid Agartz,Kenneth Hugdahl,Ingrid Melle,Ole A. Andreassen,Lars T. Westlye +7 more
TL;DR: A complex pattern of moderate associations between brain activation during cognitive processing and brain morphometry is indicated, and previous findings of fronto-temporal brain abnormalities in SZ are extended by suggesting a coupling between cortical thickness of these brain regions and working memory-related brain activation.
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