Journal ArticleDOI
Failure to deactivate in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia: dysfunction of the default mode network?
Edith Pomarol-Clotet,Raymond Salvador,Salvador Sarró,Jesus J. Gomar,Fidel Vila,A. Martínez,A. Guerrero,Jordi Ortiz-Gil,Bibiana Sans-Sansa,Antoni Capdevila,J. M. Cebamanos,Peter J. McKenna +11 more
TLDR
Patients with schizophrenia show both failure to activate and failure to deactivate during performance of a working memory task, including an area in the anterior prefrontal/anterior cingulate cortex that corresponds to one of the two midline components of the ‘default mode network’ implicated in functions related to maintaining one's sense of self.Abstract:
BackgroundFunctional imaging studies using working memory tasks have documented both prefrontal cortex (PFC) hypo- and hyperactivation in schizophrenia. However, these studies have often failed to consider the potential role of task-related deactivation.MethodThirty-two patients with chronic schizophrenia and 32 age- and sex-matched normal controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning while performing baseline, 1-back and 2-back versions of the n-back task. Linear models were used to obtain maps of activations and deactivations in the groups.ResultsThe controls showed activation in the expected frontal regions. There were also clusters of deactivation, particularly in the anterior cingulate/ventromedial PFC and the posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus. Compared to the controls, the schizophrenic patients showed reduced activation in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and other frontal areas. There was also an area in the anterior cingulate/ventromedial PFC where the patients showed apparently greater activation than the controls. This represented a failure of deactivation in the schizophrenic patients. Failure to activate was a function of the patients' impaired performance on the n-back task, whereas the failure to deactivate was less performance dependent.ConclusionsPatients with schizophrenia show both failure to activate and failure to deactivate during performance of a working memory task. The area of failure of deactivation is in the anterior prefrontal/anterior cingulate cortex and corresponds to one of the two midline components of the ‘default mode network’ implicated in functions related to maintaining one's sense of self.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Plasticity of resting state brain networks in recovery from stress
José Miguel Soares,Adriana Sampaio,Adriana Sampaio,Paulo Marques,Luís Miguel Ferreira,Nadine Correia Santos,Fernanda Marques,Joana Almeida Palha,João José Cerqueira,Nuno Sousa +9 more
TL;DR: Plastic phenomena in specific RSNs and a functional remodeling of the activation-deactivation pattern following recovery from chronic-stress, which is not accompanied by significant structural plasticity are revealed.
Journal ArticleDOI
From State-to-Trait Meditation: Reconfiguration of Central Executive and Default Mode Networks.
Clemens C. C. Bauer,Susan Whitfield-Gabrieli,Susan Whitfield-Gabrieli,José Luis Díaz,Erick H. Pasaye,Fernando A. Barrios,Fernando A. Barrios +6 more
TL;DR: The gradual reconfiguration in DMN and CEN suggest a neural mechanism by which the CEN negatively regulates theDMN and is probably responsible for the long-term trait changes seen in meditators and reported psychological well-being.
Journal ArticleDOI
Generalizability of machine learning for classification of schizophrenia based on resting-state functional MRI data.
Xin lu Cai,Dong Jie Xie,Kristoffer Hougaard Madsen,Kristoffer Hougaard Madsen,Yong-ming Wang,Sophie Alida Bögemann,Eric F.C. Cheung,Arne Møller,Raymond C.K. Chan +8 more
TL;DR: The failure of direct generalization from one site to another demonstrates the limitation of within‐site cross‐validation and points toward the need to incorporate efforts to facilitate application of machine learning across multiple data sets.
Journal ArticleDOI
Conditional Mutual Information Maps as Descriptors of Net Connectivity Levels in the Brain
TL;DR: Both the normative aging and schizophrenia studies reveal functional connectivity trends that converge with reported findings from other studies, thus giving further support to the validity of the proposed CMI method.
Journal ArticleDOI
Common and Differential Pathophysiological Features Accompany Comparable Cognitive Impairments in Medication-Free Patients with Schizophrenia and in Healthy Aging Subjects
TL;DR: These results provide new insights into the mechanisms by which impaired working memory performance can arise by showing that both common and differential pathophysiological features accompany similar cognitive impairments in schizophrenia and healthy aging.
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