Journal ArticleDOI
Failure to deactivate in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia: dysfunction of the default mode network?
Edith Pomarol-Clotet,Raymond Salvador,Salvador Sarró,Jesus J. Gomar,Fidel Vila,A. Martínez,A. Guerrero,Jordi Ortiz-Gil,Bibiana Sans-Sansa,Antoni Capdevila,J. M. Cebamanos,Peter J. McKenna +11 more
TLDR
Patients with schizophrenia show both failure to activate and failure to deactivate during performance of a working memory task, including an area in the anterior prefrontal/anterior cingulate cortex that corresponds to one of the two midline components of the ‘default mode network’ implicated in functions related to maintaining one's sense of self.Abstract:
BackgroundFunctional imaging studies using working memory tasks have documented both prefrontal cortex (PFC) hypo- and hyperactivation in schizophrenia. However, these studies have often failed to consider the potential role of task-related deactivation.MethodThirty-two patients with chronic schizophrenia and 32 age- and sex-matched normal controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning while performing baseline, 1-back and 2-back versions of the n-back task. Linear models were used to obtain maps of activations and deactivations in the groups.ResultsThe controls showed activation in the expected frontal regions. There were also clusters of deactivation, particularly in the anterior cingulate/ventromedial PFC and the posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus. Compared to the controls, the schizophrenic patients showed reduced activation in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and other frontal areas. There was also an area in the anterior cingulate/ventromedial PFC where the patients showed apparently greater activation than the controls. This represented a failure of deactivation in the schizophrenic patients. Failure to activate was a function of the patients' impaired performance on the n-back task, whereas the failure to deactivate was less performance dependent.ConclusionsPatients with schizophrenia show both failure to activate and failure to deactivate during performance of a working memory task. The area of failure of deactivation is in the anterior prefrontal/anterior cingulate cortex and corresponds to one of the two midline components of the ‘default mode network’ implicated in functions related to maintaining one's sense of self.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Default mode network connectivity is associated with long-term clinical outcome in patients with schizophrenia.
TL;DR: In this study, poorer clinical outcomes in patients with schizophrenia were associated with decreased DMN connectivity, which might be related to the severity of positive and mood symptoms rather than negative symptoms.
Book ChapterDOI
Brain Connections – Resting State fMRI Functional Connectivity
María de la Iglesia-Vayá,José Molina-Mateo,Jose Escarti-Fabra,Ahmad S. Kanaan,Luis Martí-Bonmatí +4 more
TL;DR: With the introduction of electroencephalography (EEG) in 1930, researchers began to explore spontaneous activity in the brain by recording the individual, independently of any task, and paved the way for new approaches to exploring brain function.
Journal ArticleDOI
The effect of the neurogranin schizophrenia risk variant rs12807809 on brain structure and function.
Emma J. Rose,Derek W. Morris,Ciara Fahey,Ian H. Robertson,Ciara M. Greene,John P. O'Doherty,Fiona N. Newell,Hugh Garavan,Jane McGrath,Arun L.W. Bokde,Daniela Tropea,Michael Gill,Aiden Corvin,Gary Donohoe +13 more
TL;DR: There was a main effect of genotype on brain activity during performance of the working memory task, such that while C carriers exhibited a load-independent decrease in left superior frontal gyrus/BA10, TT individuals failed to show a similar decrease in activity.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Ventral-Hypothalamic Input Route: A Common Neural Network for Abstract Cognition and Sexuality
Ion G. Motofei,David L. Rowland +1 more
TL;DR: The novel conceptualisations presented in the present paper help address issues surrounding the mind‐brain dichotomy and suggest new possible avenues for exploration in the treatment and interventions for cognitive and sexual problems.
Journal ArticleDOI
Empirical evidence for freud's theory of primary process mentation in acute psychosis
Ariane Bazan,Kim Van Draege,Liesbet De Kock,Linda A. W. Brakel,Filip Geerardyn,Howard Shevrin +5 more
TL;DR: This study explored primary process mentation in 127 psychiatric patients using the use of GeoCat and proposed that this increase of attributional levels in the acutely psychotic patients reflects a predominance of primary processing which is specifically tied to the acute psychotic condition.
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