Journal ArticleDOI
Failure to deactivate in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia: dysfunction of the default mode network?
Edith Pomarol-Clotet,Raymond Salvador,Salvador Sarró,Jesus J. Gomar,Fidel Vila,A. Martínez,A. Guerrero,Jordi Ortiz-Gil,Bibiana Sans-Sansa,Antoni Capdevila,J. M. Cebamanos,Peter J. McKenna +11 more
TLDR
Patients with schizophrenia show both failure to activate and failure to deactivate during performance of a working memory task, including an area in the anterior prefrontal/anterior cingulate cortex that corresponds to one of the two midline components of the ‘default mode network’ implicated in functions related to maintaining one's sense of self.Abstract:
BackgroundFunctional imaging studies using working memory tasks have documented both prefrontal cortex (PFC) hypo- and hyperactivation in schizophrenia. However, these studies have often failed to consider the potential role of task-related deactivation.MethodThirty-two patients with chronic schizophrenia and 32 age- and sex-matched normal controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning while performing baseline, 1-back and 2-back versions of the n-back task. Linear models were used to obtain maps of activations and deactivations in the groups.ResultsThe controls showed activation in the expected frontal regions. There were also clusters of deactivation, particularly in the anterior cingulate/ventromedial PFC and the posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus. Compared to the controls, the schizophrenic patients showed reduced activation in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and other frontal areas. There was also an area in the anterior cingulate/ventromedial PFC where the patients showed apparently greater activation than the controls. This represented a failure of deactivation in the schizophrenic patients. Failure to activate was a function of the patients' impaired performance on the n-back task, whereas the failure to deactivate was less performance dependent.ConclusionsPatients with schizophrenia show both failure to activate and failure to deactivate during performance of a working memory task. The area of failure of deactivation is in the anterior prefrontal/anterior cingulate cortex and corresponds to one of the two midline components of the ‘default mode network’ implicated in functions related to maintaining one's sense of self.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Default-mode brain dysfunction in mental disorders: A systematic review
Samantha J. Broyd,Charmaine Demanuele,Stefan Debener,Suzannah K. Helps,Christopher J. James,Edmund J.S. Sonuga-Barke +5 more
TL;DR: This review defines the DMN concept with regard to its neuro-anatomy, its functional organisation through low frequency neuronal oscillations, its relation to other recently discovered low frequency resting state networks, and the cognitive functions it is thought to serve, and introduces methodological and analytical issues and challenges.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hyperactivity and hyperconnectivity of the default network in schizophrenia and in first-degree relatives of persons with schizophrenia
Susan Whitfield-Gabrieli,Heidi W. Thermenos,Snezana Milanovic,Ming T. Tsuang,Stephen V. Faraone,Robert W. McCarley,Martha E. Shenton,Alan I. Green,Alfonso Nieto-Castanon,Peter S. LaViolette,Joanne Wojcik,John D. E. Gabrieli,Larry J. Seidman +12 more
TL;DR: Among patients, the magnitude of MPFC task suppression negatively correlated with default connectivity, suggesting an association between the hyperactivation and hyperconnectivity in schizophrenia.
Journal ArticleDOI
Default Mode Network Activity and Connectivity in Psychopathology
TL;DR: Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have revealed that the DMN in the healthy brain is associated with stimulus-independent thought and self-reflection and that greater suppression of theDMN isassociated with better performance on attention-demanding tasks.
Journal ArticleDOI
The role of default network deactivation in cognition and disease.
Alan Anticevic,Michael W. Cole,John D. Murray,Philip R. Corlett,Xiao Jing Wang,Xiao Jing Wang,John H. Krystal +6 more
TL;DR: This research highlights the functional relevance of DMN suppression for goal-directed cognition, possibly by reducing goal-irrelevant functions supported by the DMN (e.g., mind-wandering), and illustrates the functional significance ofDMN suppression deficits in severe mental illness.
Journal ArticleDOI
Networks of the Brain
TL;DR: Models of Network Growth All networks, whether they are social, technological, or biological, are the result of a growth process, and many continue to grow for prolonged periods of time, continually modifying their connectivity structure throughout their entire existence.
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