Journal ArticleDOI
Failure to deactivate in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia: dysfunction of the default mode network?
Edith Pomarol-Clotet,Raymond Salvador,Salvador Sarró,Jesus J. Gomar,Fidel Vila,A. Martínez,A. Guerrero,Jordi Ortiz-Gil,Bibiana Sans-Sansa,Antoni Capdevila,J. M. Cebamanos,Peter J. McKenna +11 more
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TLDR
Patients with schizophrenia show both failure to activate and failure to deactivate during performance of a working memory task, including an area in the anterior prefrontal/anterior cingulate cortex that corresponds to one of the two midline components of the ‘default mode network’ implicated in functions related to maintaining one's sense of self.Abstract:
BackgroundFunctional imaging studies using working memory tasks have documented both prefrontal cortex (PFC) hypo- and hyperactivation in schizophrenia. However, these studies have often failed to consider the potential role of task-related deactivation.MethodThirty-two patients with chronic schizophrenia and 32 age- and sex-matched normal controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning while performing baseline, 1-back and 2-back versions of the n-back task. Linear models were used to obtain maps of activations and deactivations in the groups.ResultsThe controls showed activation in the expected frontal regions. There were also clusters of deactivation, particularly in the anterior cingulate/ventromedial PFC and the posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus. Compared to the controls, the schizophrenic patients showed reduced activation in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and other frontal areas. There was also an area in the anterior cingulate/ventromedial PFC where the patients showed apparently greater activation than the controls. This represented a failure of deactivation in the schizophrenic patients. Failure to activate was a function of the patients' impaired performance on the n-back task, whereas the failure to deactivate was less performance dependent.ConclusionsPatients with schizophrenia show both failure to activate and failure to deactivate during performance of a working memory task. The area of failure of deactivation is in the anterior prefrontal/anterior cingulate cortex and corresponds to one of the two midline components of the ‘default mode network’ implicated in functions related to maintaining one's sense of self.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Evidence for default mode network dysfunction in borderline personality disorder
Salvatore Aguilar-Ortiz,Pilar Salgado-Pineda,Daniel Vega,Juan C. Pascual,Josep Marco-Pallarés,Joaquim Soler,Cristina Brunel,Ana Martín-Blanco,Àngel Soto,Joan Ribas,Teresa Maristany,Salvador Sarró,Antoni Rodríguez-Fornells,Raymond Salvador,Peter J. McKenna,Edith Pomarol-Clotet +15 more
TL;DR: There was some, though limited, evidence for lateral frontal hypoactivation in BPD during the performance of an executive task, and BPD also appears to be associated with failure of de-activation in key regions of the default mode network.
Journal ArticleDOI
Association between auditory P300, psychopathology, and memory function in drug-naïve schizophrenia
Wei-Hung Chang,Kao Chin Chen,Yen Kuang Yang,Po See Chen,Ru Band Lu,Tzung-Lieh Yeh,Carol Sheei-Meei Wang,I-Hui Lee +7 more
TL;DR: The correlation between P300 and the severity of psychopathology was reconfirmed in drug‐naïve patients with schizophrenia and the compensatory or Default Model Network might be a possible explanation of this association.
Journal ArticleDOI
Brain activity supporting working memory accuracy in patients with paranoid schizophrenia: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study.
Claudia Wolf,Stefanie C. Linden,Margaret C. Jackson,David Healy,Alison L. Baird,David Edmund Johannes Linden,Johannes Thome +6 more
TL;DR: Previous findings of left prefrontal hyperactivity contrasted with hypoactivity in right prefrontal cortex to support WM performance are confirmed and can be integrated into a model, where preserved visual cognition in high-functioning patients with hypofrontality is explained by activation of contralateral homologue areas combined with enhanced recruitment of sensory areas.
Journal ArticleDOI
A proposal for reframing schizophrenia research.
Vicente Molina,José A. Blanco +1 more
TL;DR: A new frame based on identification of correlates of the most replicated biological anomalies in schizophrenia to date may contribute to overcome difficulties in replicating biological findings in schizophrenia.
Journal ArticleDOI
Noise power associated with decreased task-induced variability of brain electrical activity in schizophrenia
Vicente Molina,Vicente Molina,Alejandro Bachiller,Vanessa Suazo,Alba Lubeiro,Jesús Poza,Jesús Poza,Roberto Hornero,Roberto Hornero +8 more
TL;DR: The notion that an excess of gamma activity, unlocked to the task being performed, is accompanied by a decreased modulation of EEG activity in schizophrenia is supported.
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