Journal ArticleDOI
Failure to deactivate in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia: dysfunction of the default mode network?
Edith Pomarol-Clotet,Raymond Salvador,Salvador Sarró,Jesus J. Gomar,Fidel Vila,A. Martínez,A. Guerrero,Jordi Ortiz-Gil,Bibiana Sans-Sansa,Antoni Capdevila,J. M. Cebamanos,Peter J. McKenna +11 more
TLDR
Patients with schizophrenia show both failure to activate and failure to deactivate during performance of a working memory task, including an area in the anterior prefrontal/anterior cingulate cortex that corresponds to one of the two midline components of the ‘default mode network’ implicated in functions related to maintaining one's sense of self.Abstract:
BackgroundFunctional imaging studies using working memory tasks have documented both prefrontal cortex (PFC) hypo- and hyperactivation in schizophrenia. However, these studies have often failed to consider the potential role of task-related deactivation.MethodThirty-two patients with chronic schizophrenia and 32 age- and sex-matched normal controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning while performing baseline, 1-back and 2-back versions of the n-back task. Linear models were used to obtain maps of activations and deactivations in the groups.ResultsThe controls showed activation in the expected frontal regions. There were also clusters of deactivation, particularly in the anterior cingulate/ventromedial PFC and the posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus. Compared to the controls, the schizophrenic patients showed reduced activation in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and other frontal areas. There was also an area in the anterior cingulate/ventromedial PFC where the patients showed apparently greater activation than the controls. This represented a failure of deactivation in the schizophrenic patients. Failure to activate was a function of the patients' impaired performance on the n-back task, whereas the failure to deactivate was less performance dependent.ConclusionsPatients with schizophrenia show both failure to activate and failure to deactivate during performance of a working memory task. The area of failure of deactivation is in the anterior prefrontal/anterior cingulate cortex and corresponds to one of the two midline components of the ‘default mode network’ implicated in functions related to maintaining one's sense of self.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Pattern of neural responses to verbal fluency shows diagnostic specificity for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
Sergi G. Costafreda,Cynthia H.Y. Fu,Marco Picchioni,Timothea Toulopoulou,Colm McDonald,Eugenia Kravariti,Muriel Walshe,Diana Prata,Robin M. Murray,Philip McGuire +9 more
TL;DR: Both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are associated with altered function in prefrontal, striatal and default mode networks, but the magnitude of this dysfunction is particularly marked in schizophrenia.
Journal ArticleDOI
Treatment with olanzapine is associated with modulation of the default mode network in patients with Schizophrenia.
Fabio Sambataro,Giuseppe Blasi,Leonardo Fazio,Grazia Caforio,Paolo Taurisano,Raffaella Romano,Annabella Di Giorgio,Barbara Gelao,Luciana Lo Bianco,Apostolos Papazacharias,Teresa Popolizio,Marcello Nardini,Alessandro Bertolino,Alessandro Bertolino +13 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that treatment with olanzapine is associated with the modulation of DMN connectivity in schizophrenia, and critical functional differences in the regions ofDMN are suggested.
Journal ArticleDOI
Medial prefrontal cortex pathology in schizophrenia as revealed by convergent findings from multimodal imaging
Edith Pomarol-Clotet,Erick J. Canales-Rodríguez,Raymond Salvador,Salvador Sarró,Jesus J. Gomar,Fidel Vila,Jordi Ortiz-Gil,Yasser Iturria-Medina,Antoni Capdevila,Peter J. McKenna +9 more
TL;DR: The medial frontal region identified by these three imaging techniques corresponds to the anterior midline node of the default mode network, a brain system which is believed to support internally directed thought, a state of watchfulness, and/or the maintenance of one's sense of self, and which is of considerable current interest in neuropsychiatric disorders.
Journal ArticleDOI
How can the brain's resting state activity generate hallucinations? A ‘resting state hypothesis’ of auditory verbal hallucinations
Georg Northoff,Pengmin Qin +1 more
TL;DR: The 'resting state hypotheses' of AVH suggest that AVH may be traced back to abnormally elevated resting state activity in auditory cortex itself, abnormal modulation of the auditory cortex by anterior cortical midline regions as part of the default-mode network, and neural confusion between auditory cortical resting state changes and stimulus-induced activity.
Journal ArticleDOI
An Anterior-to-Posterior Shift in Midline Cortical Activity in Schizophrenia During Self-Reflection
Daphne J. Holt,Brittany S. Cassidy,Jessica R. Andrews-Hanna,Su Mei Lee,Garth Coombs,Donald C. Goff,John D. E. Gabrieli,Joseph M. Moran +7 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors found that patients with schizophrenia show dysfunction of the medial prefrontal cortex during self-reflection and that this abnormal activity is associated with changes in the strength of resting-state correlations between these regions.
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