Functional Rarity: The Ecology of Outliers
Cyrille Violle,Wilfried Thuiller,Nicolas Mouquet,Nicolas Mouquet,François Munoz,François Munoz,Nathan J. B. Kraft,Marc W. Cadotte,Stuart W. Livingstone,David Mouillot,David Mouillot +10 more
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TLDR
This work introduces 12 different forms of functional rarity along gradients of species scarcity and trait distinctiveness and highlights the potential key role offunctional rarity in the long-term and large-scale maintenance of ecosystem processes.Abstract:
Rarity has been a central topic for conservation and evolutionary biologists aiming to determine the species characteristics that cause extinction risk. More recently, beyond the rarity of species, the rarity of functions or functional traits, called functional rarity, has gained momentum in helping to understand the impact of biodiversity decline on ecosystem functioning. However, a conceptual framework for defining and quantifying functional rarity is still lacking. We introduce 12 different forms of functional rarity along gradients of species scarcity and trait distinctiveness. We then highlight the potential key role of functional rarity in the long-term and large-scale maintenance of ecosystem processes, as well as the necessary linkage between functional and evolutionary rarity.read more
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Protecting the global ocean for biodiversity, food and climate
Enric Sala,Juan Mayorga,Darcy Bradley,Reniel B. Cabral,Trisha B. Atwood,Arnaud Auber,William W. L. Cheung,Christopher Costello,Francesco Ferretti,Alan M. Friedlander,Steven D. Gaines,Cristina Garilao,Whitney Goodell,Benjamin S. Halpern,A.L. Hinson,Kristin Kaschner,Kathleen Kesner-Reyes,Fabien Leprieur,Jennifer McGowan,Lance Morgan,David Mouillot,Juliano Palacios-Abrantes,Hugh P. Possingham,Kristin D. Rechberger,Boris Worm,Jane Lubchenco +25 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a conservation planning framework is developed to prioritize highly protected marine protected areas in places that would result in multiple benefits today and in the future, by protecting biodiversity, boosting the yield of fisheries and securing marine carbon stocks that are at risk from human activities.
Journal ArticleDOI
Root traits as drivers of plant and ecosystem functioning: current understanding, pitfalls and future research needs
Grégoire T. Freschet,Grégoire T. Freschet,Catherine Roumet,Louise H. Comas,Monique Weemstra,A. Glyn Bengough,A. Glyn Bengough,Boris Rewald,Richard D. Bardgett,Gerlinde B. De Deyn,David W. Johnson,Jitka Klimešová,Martin Lukac,Martin Lukac,M. Luke McCormack,Ina C. Meier,Ina C. Meier,Loïc Pagès,Hendrik Poorter,Hendrik Poorter,Iván Prieto,Nina Wurzburger,Marcin Zadworny,Agnieszka Bagniewska-Zadworna,Elison B. Blancaflor,Ivano Brunner,Arthur Gessler,Sarah E. Hobbie,Colleen M. Iversen,Liesje Mommer,Catherine Picon-Cochard,Johannes A. Postma,Laura Rose,Peter Ryser,Michael Scherer-Lorenzen,Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia,Tao Sun,Oscar J. Valverde-Barrantes,Alexandra Weigelt,Larry M. York,Alexia Stokes +40 more
TL;DR: It is found that below-ground traits with widest importance in plant and ecosystem functioning are not those most commonly measured, and advocate that establishing causal hierarchical links among root traits will provide a hypothesis-based framework to identify the most parsimonious sets of traits with strongest influence on the functions, and to link genotypes to plant andcosystem functioning.
Journal ArticleDOI
New approaches for delineating n-dimensional hypervolumes
Benjamin Blonder,Cecina Babich Morrow,Brian S. Maitner,David J. Harris,Christine Lamanna,Cyrille Violle,Brian J. Enquist,Brian J. Enquist,Andrew J. Kerkhoff +8 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a more robust approach for delineating the shape and density of n-dimensional hypervolumes, which provides more efficient performance on large and high-dimensional datasets and improved measures of functional diversity and environmental niche breadth.
Extinction and Ecosystem Function in the Marine Benthos
Journal ArticleDOI
A starting guide to root ecology: strengthening ecological concepts and standardising root classification, sampling, processing and trait measurements
Grégoire T. Freschet,Loïc Pagès,Colleen M. Iversen,Louise H. Comas,Boris Rewald,Catherine Roumet,Jitka Klimešová,Marcin Zadworny,Hendrik Poorter,Hendrik Poorter,Johannes A. Postma,Thomas S. Adams,Agnieszka Bagniewska-Zadworna,A. Glyn Bengough,A. Glyn Bengough,Elison B. Blancaflor,Ivano Brunner,Johannes H. C. Cornelissen,Eric Garnier,Arthur Gessler,Sarah E. Hobbie,Ina C. Meier,Liesje Mommer,Catherine Picon-Cochard,Laura Rose,Peter Ryser,Michael Scherer-Lorenzen,Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia,Alexia Stokes,Tao Sun,Oscar J. Valverde-Barrantes,Monique Weemstra,Alexandra Weigelt,Nina Wurzburger,Larry M. York,Sarah A. Batterman,Sarah A. Batterman,Moemy Gomes de Moraes,Štěpán Janeček,Hans Lambers,V. G. Salmon,Nishanth Tharayil,M. Luke McCormack +42 more
TL;DR: A major aim of this guide is to help break down barriers between the many subdisciplines of root ecology and ecophysiology, broaden researchers’ views on the multiple aspects of root study and create favourable conditions for the inception of comprehensive experiments on the role of roots in plant and ecosystem functioning.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Let the concept of trait be functional
Cyrille Violle,Marie-Laure Navas,Denis Vile,Elena Kazakou,Claire Fortunel,Irène Hummel,Eric Garnier +6 more
TL;DR: An unambiguous definition of plant trait is given, with a particular emphasis on functional trait, and it is argued that this can be achieved by developing "integration functions" which can be grouped into functional response (community level) and effect (ecosystem level) algorithms.
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