Journal ArticleDOI
Genetic diversity in Sargasso Sea bacterioplankton.
TLDR
The phylogenetically analysed clone libraries of eubacterial 16S ribosomal RNA genes amplified from natural populations of Sargasso Sea picoplankton indicate the presence of a novel microbial group, the SAR 11 cluster, which appears to be a significant component of this oligotrophic bacterioplankton community.Abstract:
BACTERIOPLANKTON are recognized as important agents of biogeochemical change in marine ecosystems, yet relatively little is known about the species that make up these communities. Uncertainties about the genetic structure and diversity of natural bacterioplankton populations stem from the traditional difficulties associated with microbial cultivation techniques. Discrepancies between direct counts and plate counts are typically several orders of magnitude, raising doubts as to whether cultivated marine bacteria are actually representative of dominant planktonic species1–3. We have phylogenetically analysed clone libraries of eubacterial 16S ribosomal RNA genes amplified from natural populations of Sargasso Sea picoplankton by the polymerase chain reaction4. The analysis indicates the presence of a novel microbial group, the SAR 11 cluster, which appears to be a significant component of this oligotrophic bacterioplankton community. A second cluster of lineages related to the oxygenic phototrophs—cyanobacteria, prochlorophytes and chloroplasts—was also observed. However, none of the genes matched the small subunit rRNA sequences of cultivated marine cyanobacteria from similar habitats. The diversity of 16S rRNA genes observed within the clusters suggests that these bacterioplankton may be consortia of independent lineages sharing surprisingly distant common ancestors.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Biogeographical diversity among marine bacterioplankton
TL;DR: It is concluded that a large proportion of the great species richness of marine bacteria, found by culture-independent techniques, is likely to be verified through information from live and functional bacteria.
Journal ArticleDOI
Changes in community composition during dilution cultures of marine bacterioplankton as assessed by flow cytometric and molecular biological techniques.
Bernhard M. Fuchs,Mikhail V. Zubkov,Mikhail V. Zubkov,Kerstin Sahm,Peter H. Burkill,Rudolf Amann +5 more
TL;DR: The data presented clearly show that even relatively short-term dilution experiments do not measure in situ growth, but rather growth patterns of an enrichment, and it was demonstrated that the combination of flow cytometric analysis and sorting combined with FISH and DGGE analysis presented a fairly rapid method of analysing the taxonomic composition of marine bacterioplankton.
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Prokaryotic lifestyles in deep sea habitats
TL;DR: The current state-of-the-art of deep-sea microbial genomics is reviewed to allow for a better understanding ofDeep-sea evolution, physiology, biochemistry, community structure and nutrient cycling.
Journal ArticleDOI
Microbial ecology of human skin in health and disease
TL;DR: The application of modern molecular methods to the study of skin may offer new perspectives on the resident microfora, and new insights into the causes of antibiotic responsive dermatologic conditions, such as acne and rosacea.
Journal ArticleDOI
Molecular analysis of enrichment cultures of marine ammonia oxidisers
TL;DR: The approach enabled analysis of ammonia oxidiser enrichments at an early stage and without the requirement for isolation of pure cultures, significantly reducing the time required and facilitating quantitative assessment of relatedness of strains.
References
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DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors
TL;DR: A new method for determining nucleotide sequences in DNA is described, which makes use of the 2',3'-dideoxy and arabinon nucleoside analogues of the normal deoxynucleoside triphosphates, which act as specific chain-terminating inhibitors of DNA polymerase.
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Primer-directed enzymatic amplification of DNA with a thermostable DNA polymerase
Randall Keichi Saiki,David H. Gelfand,Susanne Stoffel,Stephen J. Scharf,Russell Higuchi,Glenn Thomas Horn,Kary B. Mullis,Henry A. Erlich +7 more
TL;DR: A thermostable DNA polymerase was used in an in vitro DNA amplification procedure, the polymerase chain reaction, which significantly improves the specificity, yield, sensitivity, and length of products that can be amplified.
Journal ArticleDOI
Site-directed mutagenesis by overlap extension using the polymerase chain reaction.
TL;DR: In this paper, complementary oligodeoxyribonucleotide (oligo) primers and the polymerase chain reaction are used to generate two DNA fragments having overlapping ends, and these fragments are combined in a subsequent 'fusion' reaction in which the overlapping ends anneal, allowing the 3' overlap of each strand to serve as a primer for the three' extension of the complementary strand.
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