Journal ArticleDOI
Genetic diversity in Sargasso Sea bacterioplankton.
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TLDR
The phylogenetically analysed clone libraries of eubacterial 16S ribosomal RNA genes amplified from natural populations of Sargasso Sea picoplankton indicate the presence of a novel microbial group, the SAR 11 cluster, which appears to be a significant component of this oligotrophic bacterioplankton community.Abstract:
BACTERIOPLANKTON are recognized as important agents of biogeochemical change in marine ecosystems, yet relatively little is known about the species that make up these communities. Uncertainties about the genetic structure and diversity of natural bacterioplankton populations stem from the traditional difficulties associated with microbial cultivation techniques. Discrepancies between direct counts and plate counts are typically several orders of magnitude, raising doubts as to whether cultivated marine bacteria are actually representative of dominant planktonic species1–3. We have phylogenetically analysed clone libraries of eubacterial 16S ribosomal RNA genes amplified from natural populations of Sargasso Sea picoplankton by the polymerase chain reaction4. The analysis indicates the presence of a novel microbial group, the SAR 11 cluster, which appears to be a significant component of this oligotrophic bacterioplankton community. A second cluster of lineages related to the oxygenic phototrophs—cyanobacteria, prochlorophytes and chloroplasts—was also observed. However, none of the genes matched the small subunit rRNA sequences of cultivated marine cyanobacteria from similar habitats. The diversity of 16S rRNA genes observed within the clusters suggests that these bacterioplankton may be consortia of independent lineages sharing surprisingly distant common ancestors.read more
Citations
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The NIH Human Microbiome Project
Jane Peterson,Susan Garges,Maria Y. Giovanni,Pamela McInnes,Lu Wang,Jeffery A. Schloss,Vivien Bonazzi,Jean E. McEwen,Kris A. Wetterstrand,Carolyn Deal,Carl C. Baker,Valentina Di Francesco,T. Kevin Howcroft,Robert W. Karp,R. Dwayne Lunsford,Christopher Wellington,Tsegahiwot Belachew,Michael Wright,Christina Giblin,Hagit David,Melody Mills,Rachelle Salomon,Chris Mullins,Beena Akolkar,Lisa Begg,Cindy D. Davis,Lindsey Grandison,Michael C. Humble,Jag H. Khalsa,A. Roger Little,Hannah Peavy,Carol H. Pontzer,Matthew E. Portnoy,Michael H. Sayre,Pamela Starke-Reed,Samir Zakhari,Jennifer S. Read,Bracie Watson,Mark S. Guyer +38 more
TL;DR: The ultimate objective of the HMP is to demonstrate that there are opportunities to improve human health through monitoring or manipulation of the human microbiome.
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Molecular biological access to the chemistry of unknown soil microbes: a new frontier for natural products
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Analysis of Actinomycete Communities by Specific Amplification of Genes Encoding 16S rRNA and Gel-Electrophoretic Separation in Denaturing Gradients
TL;DR: A group-specific primer, F243 (positions 226 to 243, Escherichia coli numbering), was developed by comparison of sequences of genes encoding 16S rRNA for the detection of actinomycetes in the environment with PCR and temperature or denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE or DGGE, respectively).
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16S rRNA sequences reveal numerous uncultured microorganisms in a natural community
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References
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TL;DR: A thermostable DNA polymerase was used in an in vitro DNA amplification procedure, the polymerase chain reaction, which significantly improves the specificity, yield, sensitivity, and length of products that can be amplified.
Journal ArticleDOI
Site-directed mutagenesis by overlap extension using the polymerase chain reaction.
TL;DR: In this paper, complementary oligodeoxyribonucleotide (oligo) primers and the polymerase chain reaction are used to generate two DNA fragments having overlapping ends, and these fragments are combined in a subsequent 'fusion' reaction in which the overlapping ends anneal, allowing the 3' overlap of each strand to serve as a primer for the three' extension of the complementary strand.
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