Genomic plasticity of the causative agent of melioidosis, Burkholderia pseudomallei
Matthew T. G. Holden,Richard W. Titball,Richard W. Titball,Sharon J. Peacock,Sharon J. Peacock,Ana Cerdeño-Tárraga,Timothy P. Atkins,Lisa Crossman,Tyrone Pitt,Carol Churcher,Karen Mungall,Stephen D. Bentley,Mohammed Sebaihia,Nicholas R. Thomson,Nathalie Bason,Ifor R. Beacham,Karen Brooks,Katherine A. Brown,Nat F. Brown,Greg L. Challis,Inna Cherevach,Tracy Chillingworth,Ann Cronin,Ben Crossett,Paul Davis,David DeShazer,Theresa Feltwell,Audrey Fraser,Zahra Hance,Heidi Hauser,S. Holroyd,Kay Jagels,Karen E. Keith,Mark Maddison,Sharon Moule,Claire Price,Michael A. Quail,Ester Rabbinowitsch,Kim Rutherford,Mandy Sanders,Mark Simmonds,Sirirurg Songsivilai,K. Stevens,Sarinna Tumapa,Monkgol Vesaratchavest,Sally Whitehead,Corin Yeats,Bart Barrell,Petra C. F. Oyston,Julian Parkhill +49 more
TLDR
It is proposed that variable horizontal gene acquisition by B. pseudomallei is an important feature of recent genetic evolution and that this has resulted in a genetically diverse pathogenic species.Abstract:
Burkholderia pseudomallei is a recognized biothreat agent and the causative agent of melioidosis. This Gram-negative bacterium exists as a soil saprophyte in melioidosis-endemic areas of the world and accounts for 20% of community-acquired septicaemias in northeastern Thailand where half of those affected die. Here we report the complete genome of B. pseudomallei, which is composed of two chromosomes of 4.07 megabase pairs and 3.17 megabase pairs, showing significant functional partitioning of genes between them. The large chromosome encodes many of the core functions associated with central metabolism and cell growth, whereas the small chromosome carries more accessory functions associated with adaptation and survival in different niches. Genomic comparisons with closely and more distantly related bacteria revealed a greater level of gene order conservation and a greater number of orthologous genes on the large chromosome, suggesting that the two replicons have distinct evolutionary origins. A striking feature of the genome was the presence of 16 genomic islands (GIs) that together made up 6.1% of the genome. Further analysis revealed these islands to be variably present in a collection of invasive and soil isolates but entirely absent from the clonally related organism B. mallei. We propose that variable horizontal gene acquisition by B. pseudomallei is an important feature of recent genetic evolution and that this has resulted in a genetically diverse pathogenic species.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Melioidosis: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Management
TL;DR: Melioidosis is a disease of public health importance in southeast Asia and northern Australia that is associated with high case-fatality rates in animals and humans, and the role of preventative measures, earlier clinical identification, and better management of severe sepsis are required to reduce the burden of this disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
Re-evaluating prokaryotic species
Dirk Gevers,Frederick M. Cohan,Jeffrey G. Lawrence,Brian G. Spratt,Tom Coenye,Edward J. Feil,Erko Stackebrandt,Yves Van de Peer,Peter Vandamme,Fabiano L. Thompson,Jean Swings +10 more
TL;DR: The current and future impact of multilocus nucleotide-sequence-based approaches to prokaryotic systematics are discussed and the potential, and difficulties, of assigning species status to biologically or ecologically meaningful sequence clusters are considered.
Journal ArticleDOI
The multifarious, multireplicon Burkholderia cepacia complex
TL;DR: The unique characteristics of the Bcc are highlighted, focusing on the factors that determine virulence, and some members can also degrade natural and man-made pollutants.
Journal ArticleDOI
Genetic analysis of the capsular biosynthetic locus from all 90 pneumococcal serotypes.
Stephen D. Bentley,David M. Aanensen,Angeliki Mavroidi,David L. Saunders,Ester Rabbinowitsch,Matthew Collins,Kathy Donohoe,David Harris,Lee Murphy,Michael A. Quail,Gabby Samuel,Ian C. Skovsted,Margit S. Kaltoft,Bart Barrell,Peter R. Reeves,Julian Parkhill,Brian G. Spratt +16 more
TL;DR: This work provides the sequences of the capsular biosynthetic genes of all 90 serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae and relate these to the known polysaccharide structures and patterns of immunological reactivity of typing sera, thereby providing the most complete understanding of the genetics and origins of bacterial poly Saccharide diversity.
Journal ArticleDOI
The bacterial species definition in the genomic era
TL;DR: The analysis of five important bacterial groups suggests, however, that more stringent standards for species may be justifiable when a solid understanding of gene content and ecological distinctiveness becomes available and the idea of biologically meaningful clusters of diversity may not be universally applicable in the microbial world.
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