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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

Glial influence on the blood brain barrier.

Jorge I. Alvarez, +2 more
- 01 Dec 2013 - 
- Vol. 61, Iss: 12, pp 1939-1958
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TLDR
Recent findings related to the involvement of astrocytes and endothelial cells, including radial glial cells, in the induction of barrier properties during embryogenesis and adulthood are described.
Abstract
The Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) is a specialized vascular structure tightly regulating central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis. Endothelial cells are the central component of the BBB and control of their barrier phenotype resides on astrocytes and pericytes. Interactions between these cells and the endothelium promote and maintain many of the physiological and metabolic characteristics that are unique to the BBB. In this review we describe recent findings related to the involvement of astroglial cells, including radial glial cells, in the induction of barrier properties during embryogenesis and adulthood. In addition, we describe changes that occur in astrocytes and endothelial cells during injury and inflammation with a particular emphasis on alterations of the BBB phenotype.

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Citations
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The Blood–Brain Barrier

TL;DR: Understanding how these different cell populations interact to regulate the barrier properties is essential for understanding how the brain functions during health and disease.
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The blood–brain barrier and blood–tumour barrier in brain tumours and metastases

TL;DR: A deeper understanding of the BBB and BTB through the application of single-cell sequencing and imaging techniques, and the development of biomarkers of BBB integrity along with systems biology approaches, should enable new personalized treatment strategies for primary brain malignancies and brain metastases.
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Astrocyte Reactivity and Reactive Astrogliosis: Costs and Benefits

TL;DR: Understanding the multifaceted roles of astrocytes in the healthy and diseased CNS will undoubtedly contribute to the development of treatment strategies that will, in a context-dependent manner and at appropriate time points, modulate reactive astrogliosis to promote brain repair and reduce the neurological impairment.
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Overcoming the blood-brain tumor barrier for effective glioblastoma treatment

TL;DR: Methods to overcome the blood-brain tumor barrier barrier (BBTB) are provided, including osmotic blood- brain barrier disruption (BBBD), bradykinin receptor-mediated BBTB opening, inhibition of multidrug efflux transporters, receptor- mediated transport systems and physiological circumvention of the BBTB.
References
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Regulation of tight junctions during the epithelium-mesenchyme transition:direct repression of the gene expression of claudins/occludin by Snail

TL;DR: EMT was associated with the simultaneous repression of the genes encoding E-cadherin and claudins/occludin (i.e. the expression of adherens and tight junction adhesion molecules, respectively).
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The blood-brain and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barriers: function and dysfunction

TL;DR: Current knowledge on the cellular and molecular basis of the functional and dysfunctional blood–CNS barriers with focus on CNS autoimmune inflammation is described.
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The ins and outs of T-lymphocyte trafficking to the CNS: anatomical sites and molecular mechanisms.

TL;DR: This review addresses current knowledge of the molecular trafficking signals involved in the migration of circulating leukocytes across the highly specialized blood-central nervous system (CNS) barriers during immunosurveillance and inflammation.
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Wnt/β-catenin signaling is required for CNS, but not non-CNS, angiogenesis

TL;DR: An essential role for Wnt/β-catenin signaling in driving CNS-specific angiogenesis is revealed and molecular evidence thatAngiogenesis and BBB formation are in part linked is provided.
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Astrocytes and disease: a neurodevelopmental perspective

TL;DR: It is proposed here that a precise understanding of astrocyte development is critical to defining heterogeneity and could lead advances in understanding and treating a variety of neuropsychiatric diseases.
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Trending Questions (1)
What is the brain, BBB and microglia?

The paper does not provide information about the brain or microglia. The paper is about the influence of glial cells on the blood brain barrier (BBB).